Abstract：
Oxygenated blood is required for the adequate metabolic activity of the brain. This is supplied by the circle of Willis (CoW) and the vertebrobasilar and carotid systems. The CoW ensures blood flow in case of arterial stenosis or occlusion. Different animal models have been explored for the CoW morphological and functional study. This work aims to characterize the vascular architecture of the CoW of the plains vizcacha, Lagostomus maximus (Suborder: Hystricomorpha), and to compare it with evolutionarily related species of Caviomorpha and Muroidea. The blood supply in adult plains vizcachas was studied using latex cerebrovascular casts and angiography. A caudo-rostral flow direction was determined, beginning in the spinal and vertebral arteries and converging in the basilar artery which bifurcates in the carotid-basilar communication in the caudal communicating arteries. In the first third of its course, the caudal cerebral arteries project laterally, and the middle and rostral cerebral arteries bifurcate from their rostral terminal segment, supplying the temporo-parietal and frontal cortex. The CoW architecture is mainly conserved between rodent species. Likewise, the small neurovascular variations observed could be considered phylogenetic morphological variations more than evolutionary adaptations. The absence of the rostral communicating artery that generates the rostral open architecture of the CoW in the vizcacha as in the other analyzed species, supports the need for a revision of the CoW classical function as a security system. Finally, this work supports the importance of expanding our understanding of brain anatomy among species, which may contribute to a better understanding of functional neuroanatomy.
摘要：
氧合血液是大脑足够的代谢活动所必需的。这由Willis（CoW）环以及椎基底动脉和颈动脉系统提供。CoW确保在动脉狭窄或闭塞的情况下的血流。已经探索了不同的动物模型用于CoW形态学和功能研究。这项工作旨在表征平原vizcacha的CoW的血管结构，大黄大黄(亚序:Hystricomorpha)，并将其与Caviomorpha和Muroidea的进化相关物种进行比较。使用乳胶脑血管铸模和血管造影术研究了成人平原vizcacas的血液供应。确定了尾流方向，从脊髓和椎动脉开始，并在基底动脉中会聚，基底动脉在尾交通动脉的颈动脉-基底交通中分叉。在课程的前三分之一，大脑尾动脉横向突出，大脑中动脉和鼻端动脉从它们的鼻端末端分叉，提供颞顶叶和额叶皮层。CoW结构主要在啮齿动物物种之间保守。同样，观察到的小神经血管变异可以被认为是系统发育形态变异，而不是进化适应。与其他分析物种一样，在vizcacha中不存在产生CoW的延髓开放结构的延髓交通动脉，支持将CoW经典功能修订为安全系统的需要。最后,这项工作支持了扩大我们对物种之间大脑解剖学理解的重要性，这可能有助于更好地理解功能神经解剖学。
