Abstract：
The thyroid, a gland with a butterfly-like shape in the base of the human neck, plays an important role in metabolism. Body heat, energy levels, weight, hair, fingernail, and regular menstruation cycles are controlled by three hormones produced by the thyroid. A system of feedback regulates the release of those hormones. Overproduction as well as underproduction of thyroid hormones can result from shifts in the stimulation and regulation of those hormones. These factors can have physiological or pathological origins. Pregnancy is a physiological factor. There is a plethora of physiological and psychological shifts that occur during pregnancy. A thyroid alteration in the mother is one example. Thyroid irregularities result from a failure to adjust to new circumstances. Thyroid hormone levels can drop, or manufacturing could be slowed during pregnancy due to variations in hormone concentration. Hypothyroidism describes this disorder. Hypothyroidism in women who are pregnant is either gestational or could be a disorder that is present before pregnancy. Gestational hypothyroidism cures itself throughout postpartum times, though it can stay as subclinical hyperthyroidism for some time after delivery. They pose a serious risk to development, stunt the growth of the unborn child and lead to defects in subsequent generations. Enhanced thyroid binding globulin levels, enhanced iodine clearance by the kidneys, modified effects of the human reproductive hormone and reduced dietary consumption of iodine lead to these alterations in the gland. Cretinism and mental disorders are among the serious health problems related to an iodine imbalance in maternal hypothyroidism. The growth of the brain, nervous system and Intelligence of an unborn child depends on thyroid hormones. As a result, normal early stages of development suffer due to changes in maternal hormone levels.
摘要：
甲状腺，人类颈部底部有蝴蝶形状的腺体，在新陈代谢中起着重要作用。身体热量,能级,体重,头发,手指甲,正常的月经周期由甲状腺产生的三种激素控制。反馈系统调节这些激素的释放。甲状腺激素的过度生产和生产不足可能是由于这些激素的刺激和调节的变化所致。这些因素可以具有生理或病理起源。怀孕是一个生理因素。怀孕期间发生了过多的生理和心理变化。母亲的甲状腺改变就是一个例子。甲状腺不规则性是由于未能适应新的情况。甲状腺激素水平可以下降，或者由于激素浓度的变化，在怀孕期间制造可能会减慢。甲状腺功能减退描述了这种疾病。孕妇的甲状腺功能减退症可能是妊娠或可能是妊娠前存在的疾病。妊娠甲状腺功能减退症在整个产后时间自我治愈，尽管它可以在分娩后一段时间内保持亚临床甲状腺功能亢进。它们对发展构成严重风险，阻碍未出生的孩子的成长，并导致后代的缺陷。甲状腺结合球蛋白水平增强，增强肾脏的碘清除率，人类生殖激素的作用改变和碘的饮食消耗减少导致腺体的这些变化。与母体甲状腺功能减退症的碘失衡有关的严重健康问题包括克替丁主义和精神障碍。大脑的生长，未出生的孩子的神经系统和智力取决于甲状腺激素。因此,由于母体激素水平的变化，发育的正常早期阶段会受到影响。
