Abstract：
The verbal overshadowing effect refers to the phenomenon that the verbal description of a past complex stimulus impairs its subsequent recognition. Theoretical explanations range from interference between different mental representations to the activation of different processing orientations or a provoked shift in the recognition criterion. In our study, 61 participants with aphantasia (= lack of mental imagery) and 70 controls participated in a verbal overshadowing paradigm. The verbal overshadowing effect did not occur in people with aphantasia, although the effect was replicated in controls. We speculate that this is either due to the lack of visual representations in people with aphantasia that verbal descriptions could interfere with, or to the absence of a shift in processing orientation during verbalisation. To rule out criterion-based explanations, further research is needed to distinguish between discriminability and response bias in people with aphantasia. Finally, data indicated that the verbal overshadowing effect may even be reversed in individuals with aphantasia, partly due to a lower memory performance in the no verbalisation condition. Effects of further variables are discussed, such as mental strategies, memory confidence, and difficulty, quantity and quality of verbalisation.
摘要：
言语遮蔽效应是指对过去复杂刺激的言语描述损害其后续识别的现象。理论解释的范围从不同的心理表征之间的干扰到不同处理方向的激活或识别标准的引起的转变。在我们的研究中,61名具有幻象的参与者（=缺乏心理意象）和70名对照者参加了口头掩盖范式。言语上的阴影效应并没有发生在患者中，尽管该效果在对照组中得到了复制。我们推测，这要么是由于言语描述可能会干扰的人缺乏视觉表现，或者在言语化过程中没有处理方向的转变。为了排除基于标准的解释，需要进一步的研究来区分失语症患者的判别性和反应偏倚。最后,数据表明，言语遮蔽效应甚至可能在失语症患者中逆转，部分原因是在无言语条件下内存性能较低。讨论了进一步变量的影响，比如心理策略，记忆的信心，和困难，言语的数量和质量。
