PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Short-chain perfluoroalkyl carboxylic acids (PFCAs) have been detected in the environment globally. The presence and persistence of these compounds in the environment may lead to chronic wildlife exposure. We used northern leopard frog (Rana pipiens) tadpoles to investigate the chronic toxicity and the bioconcentration of two short-chain PFCAs, perfluorobutanoic acid (PFBA) and perfluorohexanoic acid (PFHxA). We exposed Gosner stage 25 tadpoles to PFBA and PFHxA (as individual chemicals) at nominal concentrations of 0.1, 1, 10, 100, and 1000 µg/L for 43-46 days. Tadpoles exposed to 0.1 to 100 µg/L of PFBA and PFHxA had significantly higher mean snout-to-vent lengths, mean masses, and scaled mass indexes than control tadpoles. These results indicate that exposure to short-chain PFCAs influences tadpole growth. Further investigation into the mechanism(s) causing the observed changes in tadpole growth is warranted. We observed a significantly higher proportion of males in the PFBA 1 µg/L treatment group, however further histological analyses are required to confirm visual sex identification before making concrete conclusions on the effects of PFCAs on amphibian sex ratios. PFBA concentrations in tissues were higher than PFHxA concentrations; a pattern that contrasts with previously published studies using fish, suggesting potential differences between taxa in PFBA and PFHxA bioconcentration. Bioconcentration factors were <10 L/kg wet weight, indicating low bioconcentration potential in tadpoles. Our results suggest that PFBA and PFHxA may have effects at environmentally-relevant concentrations (0.1-10 µg/L) and further investigation is required before these compounds can be deemed a \"safe\" alternative to their long-chain counterparts.
摘要：
短链全氟烷基羧酸（PFCA）已在全球环境中检测到。这些化合物在环境中的存在和持久性可能导致长期的野生动物暴露。我们使用北豹蛙（Ranapipiens）t来研究两种短链PFCA的慢性毒性和生物浓缩作用，全氟丁酸(PFBA)和全氟己酸(PFHxA)。我们将Gosner阶段25t暴露于标称浓度为0.1、1、10、100和1000µg/L的PFBA和PFHxA（作为单独的化学物质），持续43-46天。暴露于0.1至100µg/L的PFBA和PFHxA的t具有明显更高的平均鼻孔至排气长度，平均质量，和缩放质量指数比对照t。这些结果表明，暴露于短链PFCA会影响t的生长。有必要进一步研究导致观察到的t生长变化的机制。我们观察到PFBA1µg/L治疗组中男性的比例明显更高，然而，在就PFCA对两栖动物性别比例的影响做出具体结论之前，还需要进一步的组织学分析来确认视觉性别识别。组织中的PFBA浓度高于PFHxA浓度；这种模式与以前发表的使用鱼类的研究形成对比，表明分类群之间在PFBA和PFHxA生物浓缩方面的潜在差异。生物富集因子<10L/kg湿重，表明t的生物富集潜力低。我们的结果表明，PFBA和PFHxA可能在环境相关浓度（0.1-10µg/L）下产生影响，需要进一步研究才能将这些化合物视为其长链对应物的“安全”替代品。
