PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Dairy products have an exceptionally rich nutrient profile and have long been promoted in high income countries to redress child malnutrition. But given all this potential, and the high burden of undernutrition in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), why isn\'t dairy consumption more actively promoted in the developing world? In this review we focus on a broadly defined concept of \"dairy development\" to include production, trade, marketing, regulation, and demand stimulation. We address three key questions. First, how strong is the evidence on the importance of dairy production and consumption for improving nutrition among young children in LMICs? Second, which regions have the lowest consumption of dairy products? Third, what are the supply- and demand-side challenges that prevent LMICs from expanding dairy consumption? We argue that although more nutrition- and consumer-oriented dairy development interventions have tremendous potential to redress undernutrition in LMICs, the pathways for achieving this development are highly context-specific: LMICs with significant agroecological potential for dairy production primarily require institutional solutions for the complex marketing challenges in perishable milk value chains; lower potential LMICs require consumer-oriented trade and industrial approaches to the sector\'s development. And all dairy strategies require a stronger focus on cross-cutting issues of nutrition education and demand creation, food safety and quality, gender and inclusiveness, and environmental sustainability and resilience. We conclude our review by emphasizing important areas for research and policy expansion.
摘要：
乳制品的营养成分非常丰富，长期以来一直在高收入国家推广，以解决儿童营养不良问题。但是考虑到所有这些潜力，以及低收入和中等收入国家(LMICs)营养不良的沉重负担，为什么在发展中国家没有更积极地促进乳制品消费？在这篇综述中，我们关注一个广义的“乳制品发展”概念，包括生产，贸易,市场营销，regulation,和需求刺激。我们解决三个关键问题。首先,关于乳制品生产和消费对改善低收入国家幼儿营养的重要性的证据有多有力？第二，哪些地区的乳制品消费量最低？第三，什么是供应和需求方面的挑战，阻止LMICs扩大乳制品消费？我们认为，虽然更多的营养和消费者为导向的乳制品发展干预措施具有巨大的潜力来纠正LMICs的营养不良，实现这一发展的途径是高度特定的：在乳品生产中具有巨大农业生态潜力的LMICs主要需要针对易腐牛奶价值链中复杂的营销挑战的机构解决方案；潜力较低的LMICs需要以消费者为导向的贸易和行业发展方法。所有乳制品战略都需要更加关注营养教育和需求创造的交叉问题，食品安全和质量,性别和包容性，以及环境可持续性和复原力。最后，我们强调了研究和政策扩展的重要领域。
