Abstract：
Intestinal barrier integrity is essential for normal nutrient digestion and absorption and disease resistance. This study aims to investigate how fermentation affects the ameliorative effect of bee pollen on the intestinal barrier dysfunction stimulated by interferon-γ and tumor necrosis factor (IFN-γ/TNF-α) cytokines. The results indicated that fermentation enhances the alleviating effect of bee pollen on intestinal barrier dysfunction (including elevated trans epithelial electrical resistance and decreased paracellular permeability). In addition, fermented bee pollen (FBP) significantly decreased (p < 0.05) the secretion levels of interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, and IL-1β and expression of cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 protein in intestinal barrier cells. Furthermore, fermentation improved the ability of bee pollen to up-regulate the expression of tight junction proteins including zonula occludens (ZO)-1, occluding, and claudin-1. Notably, FBP showed stronger ability to inhibit the expression of nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) mediated myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) and myosin light chain (MLC) signaling pathway associated with phosphorylated proteins. Overall, our results indicated that fermentation enhances the protective effect of bee pollen on the intestinal barrier, and FBP has promising potential to be used as a novel functional food to protect the intestinal barrier.
摘要：
肠道屏障的完整性对于正常的营养消化吸收和抗病至关重要。本研究旨在探讨发酵如何影响蜂花粉对干扰素-γ和肿瘤坏死因子（IFN-γ/TNF-α）细胞因子刺激的肠屏障功能障碍的改善作用。结果表明，发酵可增强蜂花粉对肠屏障功能障碍的缓解作用（包括跨上皮电阻升高和细胞旁通透性降低）。此外,发酵蜂花粉（FBP）显着降低（p<0.05）肠屏障细胞中白细胞介素（IL）-6，IL-8和IL-1β的分泌水平以及环氧合酶（COX）-2蛋白的表达。此外，发酵提高了蜂花粉上调紧密连接蛋白表达的能力,还有Claudin-1.值得注意的是,FBP具有较强的抑制核因子κB（NF-κB）介导的肌球蛋白轻链激酶（MLCK）和肌球蛋白轻链（MLC）信号通路相关磷酸化蛋白表达的能力。总的来说,我们的结果表明，发酵增强了蜂花粉对肠屏障的保护作用，FBP具有作为新型功能性食品保护肠道屏障的潜力。
