PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Children are frequently exposed to various biological trace metals, some essential for their development, while others can be potent neurotoxicants. Furthermore, the inflammatory and metabolic conditions associated with obesity may interact with and amplify the impact of metal exposure on neurodevelopment. However, few studies have assessed the potential modification effect of body mass index (BMI). As a result, we investigated the role of child BMI phenotype on the relationship between prenatal exposure to metal mixtures and temporal processing. Leveraging the PROGRESS birth cohort in Mexico City, children (N = 563) aged 6-9 years completed a Temporal Response Differentiation (TRD) task where they had to hold a lever down for 10-14 s. Blood and urinary metal (As, Pb, Cd, and Mn) measurements were collected from mothers in the 2nd and 3rd trimesters. Child BMI z-scores were dichotomized to normal (between -2 and +0.99) and high (≥1.00). Covariate-adjusted weighted quantile sum (WQS) regression models were used to estimate and examine the combined effect of metal biomarkers (i.e., blood and urine) on TRD measures. Effect modification by the child\'s BMI was evaluated using 2-way interaction terms. Children with a high BMI and greater exposure to the metal mixture during prenatal development exhibited significant temporal processing deficits compared to children with a normal BMI. Notably, children with increased exposure to the metal mixture and higher BMI had a decrease in the percent of tasks completed (β = -10.13; 95 % CI: -19.84, -0.42), number of average holds (β = -2.15; 95 % CI: -3.88, -0.41), longer latency (β = 0.78; 95 % CI: 0.13, 1.44), and greater variability in the standard deviation of the total hold time (β = 2.08; 95 % CI: 0.34, 3.82) compared to normal BMI children. These findings implicate that high BMI may amplify the effect of metals on children\'s temporal processing. Understanding the relationship between metal exposures, temporal processing, and childhood obesity can provide valuable insights for developing targeted environmental interventions.
摘要：
儿童经常接触各种生物痕量金属，一些对他们的发展至关重要，而其他人可能是有效的神经毒物。此外，与肥胖相关的炎症和代谢病症可能与金属暴露对神经发育的影响相互作用并放大。然而,很少有研究评估体重指数(BMI)的潜在修正效应。因此,我们调查了儿童BMI表型在产前金属混合物暴露与时间处理之间的关系中的作用。利用墨西哥城的PROGRESS出生队列，6-9岁的儿童（N=563）完成了时间反应分化（TRD）任务，他们必须按住杠杆10-14s。血液和尿金属（As，Pb,Cd,和Mn）测量值是从第二和第三三个月的母亲那里收集的。儿童BMIz评分分为正常（-2至+0.99）和高（≥1.00）。使用协变量调整的加权分位数和(WQS)回归模型来估计和检查金属生物标志物的综合效应(即，血液和尿液）对TRD测量。使用双向交互术语评估儿童BMI的效果改变。与BMI正常的儿童相比，BMI高且在产前发育过程中接触金属混合物的儿童表现出明显的时间处理缺陷。值得注意的是,暴露于金属混合物和BMI较高的儿童完成任务的百分比降低（β=-10.13；95％CI：-19.84，-0.42），平均持有次数(β=-2.15；95%CI：-3.88，-0.41)，更长的潜伏期(β=0.78；95%CI：0.13，1.44)，与正常BMI儿童相比，总保持时间的标准偏差（β=2.08；95％CI：0.34，3.82）的变异性更大。这些发现暗示高BMI可能会放大金属对儿童时间处理的影响。了解金属暴露之间的关系，时间处理，和儿童肥胖可以为制定有针对性的环境干预措施提供有价值的见解。
