PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The gastrointestinal tract is embedded with microorganisms of numerous genera, referred to as gut microbiota. Gut microbiota has multiple effects on many body organs, including the brain. There is a bidirectional connection between the gut and brain called the gut-brain-axis, and these connections are formed through immunological, neuronal, and neuroendocrine pathways. In addition, gut microbiota modulates the synthesis and functioning of neurotransmitters. Therefore, the disruption of the gut microbiota in the composition or function, which is known as dysbiosis, is associated with the pathogenesis of many mental disorders, such as schizophrenia, depression, and other psychiatric disorders. This review aims to summarize the modulation role of the gut microbiota in 4 prominent neurotransmitters (tryptophan and serotonergic system, dopamine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, and glutamate), as well as its association with 4 psychiatric disorders (schizophrenia, depression, anxiety disorders, and autism spectrum disorder). More future research is required to develop efficient gut-microbiota-based therapies for these illnesses.
摘要：
胃肠道中嵌入了许多属的微生物，被称为肠道微生物群。肠道微生物群对许多身体器官有多重影响，包括大脑。肠道和大脑之间存在双向连接，称为肠道-脑轴，这些联系是通过免疫学形成的，神经元，和神经内分泌通路。此外,肠道菌群调节神经递质的合成和功能。因此,肠道微生物群的组成或功能的破坏，这被称为生态失调，与许多精神障碍的发病机制有关，比如精神分裂症，抑郁症,和其他精神疾病。这篇综述旨在总结肠道菌群在4种主要神经递质（色氨酸和5-羟色胺能系统，多巴胺,γ-氨基丁酸,和谷氨酸)，以及它与4种精神疾病(精神分裂症，抑郁症,焦虑症,和自闭症谱系障碍)。需要更多的未来研究来开发针对这些疾病的有效的基于肠道微生物群的疗法。
