Abstract：
Infections by Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae occur in domestic animals and cause the disease known as \'erysipelas\'. The ubiquity of Erysipelothrix spp. makes infection possible in a wide range of vertebrates and invertebrates. Cetaceans are highly susceptible to erysipelas, especially those under human care. The number of cases documented in wild cetaceans is low, the pathogenesis is incompletely understood, and the full spectrum of lesions is not well defined. The possible serotypes and species of the genus that can cause disease are unknown. In October 2022, a common bottlenose dolphin Tursiops truncatus stranded in Vilassar de Mar (Catalonia) showing skin lesions consistent with \'diamond skin disease\', a characteristic lesion of erysipelas shared by swine and cetaceans. Necropsy was performed following standardized procedures, and multiple samples were taken for histopathology and bacteriology. Erysipelothrix sp. grew in pure culture in many tissue samples. Genetic characterization by multi-locus sequence analysis identified the species as E. rhusiopathiae. Histologically, the main lesions were an intense suppurative vasculitis of leptomeningeal arteries and veins with abundant intramural Gram-positive bacilli and meningeal hemorrhages. Meningeal lesions were considered the cause of death. The affected skin showed moderate suppurative dermatitis. Herein we document a case of erysipelas in a Mediterranean common bottlenose dolphin with unusual lesions in the leptomeningeal vessels and marked skin tropism. To our knowledge, this is the first case of severe brain involvement in erysipelas in a cetacean. We also provide a review of available cases in wild cetaceans, to highlight the characteristics of the disease and improve future diagnosis.
摘要：
丹毒丝菌感染发生在家畜中，并导致称为“丹毒”的疾病。Erysipelothrixspp的普遍存在。使感染在广泛的脊椎动物和无脊椎动物中成为可能。鲸目动物对丹毒高度敏感,尤其是那些受到人类照顾的人。在野生鲸目动物中记录的病例数量很少，发病机制尚未完全了解，病变的全谱并不明确。可能导致疾病的血清型和属的物种是未知的。2022年10月，一只常见的宽吻海豚Tursiopstruncatus滞留在VilassardeMar（加泰罗尼亚），显示出与“钻石皮肤病”一致的皮肤病变，猪和鲸类动物共有的丹毒的特征性病变。尸检按照标准化程序进行，并采集多个样本进行组织病理学和细菌学检查。Erysipelothrixsp.在许多组织样品中的纯培养物中生长。通过多基因座序列分析的遗传表征将该物种鉴定为E.rhusiopathiae。组织学上,主要病变是软脑膜动脉和静脉的强烈化脓性血管炎，壁内革兰氏阳性杆菌丰富，脑膜出血。脑膜病变被认为是死亡原因。受影响的皮肤显示中度化脓性皮炎。在此，我们记录了地中海普通宽吻海豚中的丹毒病例，在软脑膜血管中具有异常病变并具有明显的皮肤嗜性。据我们所知,这是鲸类动物丹毒严重脑受累的首例。我们还对野生鲸目动物的可用病例进行了审查，突出疾病的特点，提高未来的诊断水平。
