Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Actinomyces species are commensal oral cavity flora that can cause jaw osteomyelitis. Osteomyelitis of the jaw by Actinomyces is rare, and its presentation can be confused with many different pathologies.
METHODS: This is the case of a 61-year-old female with breast cancer and on chemotherapy as well as non-invasive carcinoma of the tongue who initially presented to the dentist with white spots in the right mandible near the incisors associated with right mandible pain and swelling. Actinomyces-induced osteomyelitis of the mandible was diagnosed. The patient was treated with penicillin V for 6 weeks along with a course of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which resulted in the complete resolution of the infection.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, jaw osteomyelitis caused by Actinomyces should always be part of the differential diagnosis; as these organisms are commensal flora. The symptoms manifested are non-specific, and such a diagnosis could be easily missed, resulting in delay of care and disease progression.
METHODS: This is the case of a 61-year-old female with breast cancer and on chemotherapy as well as non-invasive carcinoma of the tongue who initially presented to the dentist with white spots in the right mandible near the incisors associated with right mandible pain and swelling. Actinomyces-induced osteomyelitis of the mandible was diagnosed. The patient was treated with penicillin V for 6 weeks along with a course of hyperbaric oxygen therapy, which resulted in the complete resolution of the infection.
CONCLUSIONS: In summary, jaw osteomyelitis caused by Actinomyces should always be part of the differential diagnosis; as these organisms are commensal flora. The symptoms manifested are non-specific, and such a diagnosis could be easily missed, resulting in delay of care and disease progression.
摘要：
背景：放线菌属是可引起颌骨骨髓炎的共生口腔菌群。由放线菌引起的颌骨骨髓炎是罕见的，它的表现可能与许多不同的病理相混淆。
方法：这是一名61岁女性患者，患有乳腺癌和化疗以及舌癌的非浸润性，最初向牙医就诊时，右下颌骨切牙附近有白斑，伴有右下颌骨疼痛和肿胀。诊断为放线菌引起的下颌骨骨髓炎。患者接受了青霉素V治疗6周，并进行了一个疗程的高压氧治疗，这导致了感染的完全解决。
结论：总之，由放线菌引起的颌骨骨髓炎应始终是鉴别诊断的一部分；因为这些生物是共生菌群，表现的症状是非特异性的，这样的诊断很容易被错过，导致护理延迟和疾病进展。
方法：这是一名61岁女性患者，患有乳腺癌和化疗以及舌癌的非浸润性，最初向牙医就诊时，右下颌骨切牙附近有白斑，伴有右下颌骨疼痛和肿胀。诊断为放线菌引起的下颌骨骨髓炎。患者接受了青霉素V治疗6周，并进行了一个疗程的高压氧治疗，这导致了感染的完全解决。
结论：总之，由放线菌引起的颌骨骨髓炎应始终是鉴别诊断的一部分；因为这些生物是共生菌群，表现的症状是非特异性的，这样的诊断很容易被错过，导致护理延迟和疾病进展。
