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Abstract：
As two line trends - aging disability and disability aging - continue to emerge, hearing disability is becoming increasingly prevalent among older adults in china. This study aimed to investigate the incidence of hearing disability among older adults and identify the various factors contributing to its development.
In this matched nested case-control study, data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. A total of 4,523 older adults were recruited from a national sample database, of which 1,094 individuals were eligible for inclusion in the hearing disability cohort, while 3,429 older adults who had not been diagnosed with hearing disability were considered non-hearing disability controls. Hearing disability was assessed by a self-reported question. These controls were matched to hearing disability cases in a 1:1 ratio based on age and sex. The logistic regression models were used to find out various factors of hearing disability in the target population.
Totally 1,094 individuals (24.14%) developed hearing disability during the follow-up period. After 1:1 matching, 2,182 subjects were included in the study, with 1,091 cases in the case group. Factors that influenced the incidence of hearing disability in older adults included annual per capita household income (OR = 0.985, p = 0.003), cognitive function (OR = 0.982, p = 0.015), depression level (OR = 1.027, p < 0.001), somatic mobility (OR = 0.946, p = 0.007), history of kidney disease (OR = 1.659, p < 0.001), history of asthma (OR = 1.527, p = 0.008), history of accidental injuries (OR = 1.348, p = 0.015), whether there is a place for recreational and fitness activities in the community (OR = 0.672, p < 0.001), and whether there is a health service center/health center in the community (OR = 0.882, p = 0.006).
The incidence of hearing disabilities among older adults in China is high. The protective and risk factors that contribute to the incidence of disability should be fully considered in the care of older adults.
In this matched nested case-control study, data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study from 2011 to 2018 were analyzed. A total of 4,523 older adults were recruited from a national sample database, of which 1,094 individuals were eligible for inclusion in the hearing disability cohort, while 3,429 older adults who had not been diagnosed with hearing disability were considered non-hearing disability controls. Hearing disability was assessed by a self-reported question. These controls were matched to hearing disability cases in a 1:1 ratio based on age and sex. The logistic regression models were used to find out various factors of hearing disability in the target population.
Totally 1,094 individuals (24.14%) developed hearing disability during the follow-up period. After 1:1 matching, 2,182 subjects were included in the study, with 1,091 cases in the case group. Factors that influenced the incidence of hearing disability in older adults included annual per capita household income (OR = 0.985, p = 0.003), cognitive function (OR = 0.982, p = 0.015), depression level (OR = 1.027, p < 0.001), somatic mobility (OR = 0.946, p = 0.007), history of kidney disease (OR = 1.659, p < 0.001), history of asthma (OR = 1.527, p = 0.008), history of accidental injuries (OR = 1.348, p = 0.015), whether there is a place for recreational and fitness activities in the community (OR = 0.672, p < 0.001), and whether there is a health service center/health center in the community (OR = 0.882, p = 0.006).
The incidence of hearing disabilities among older adults in China is high. The protective and risk factors that contribute to the incidence of disability should be fully considered in the care of older adults.
摘要：
■随着两个趋势-残疾和残疾老龄化-继续出现，听力障碍在中国老年人中越来越普遍。这项研究旨在调查老年人听力残疾的发生率，并确定导致其发展的各种因素。
■在这项匹配的嵌套病例对照研究中，对2011年至2018年中国健康与退休纵向研究的数据进行了分析。从国家样本数据库中招募了4,523名老年人，其中1,094人符合纳入听力残疾队列的资格，而未被诊断为听力障碍的3,429名老年人被视为非听力障碍对照。听力障碍通过自我报告的问题进行评估。根据年龄和性别，这些对照以1：1的比例与听力残疾病例相匹配。采用logistic回归模型找出影响目标人群听力残疾的各种因素。
■在随访期间，共有1,094人（24.14％）出现听力障碍。1:1匹配后，2,182名受试者被纳入研究，病例组1091例。影响老年人听力残疾发生率的因素包括家庭年人均收入（OR=0.985，p=0.003）。认知功能（OR=0.982，p=0.015），抑郁水平(OR=1.027，p<0.001)，躯体移动性(OR=0.946，p=0.007)，肾病病史（OR=1.659，p<0.001），哮喘病史（OR=1.527，p=0.008），意外伤害史（OR=1.348，p=0.015），社区中是否有娱乐和健身活动的场所（OR=0.672，p<0.001），以及社区中是否有卫生服务中心/保健中心（OR=0.882，p=0.006）。
■中国老年人的听力障碍发生率很高。在老年人的护理中应充分考虑导致残疾发生率的保护和风险因素。
■在这项匹配的嵌套病例对照研究中，对2011年至2018年中国健康与退休纵向研究的数据进行了分析。从国家样本数据库中招募了4,523名老年人，其中1,094人符合纳入听力残疾队列的资格，而未被诊断为听力障碍的3,429名老年人被视为非听力障碍对照。听力障碍通过自我报告的问题进行评估。根据年龄和性别，这些对照以1：1的比例与听力残疾病例相匹配。采用logistic回归模型找出影响目标人群听力残疾的各种因素。
■在随访期间，共有1,094人（24.14％）出现听力障碍。1:1匹配后，2,182名受试者被纳入研究，病例组1091例。影响老年人听力残疾发生率的因素包括家庭年人均收入（OR=0.985，p=0.003）。认知功能（OR=0.982，p=0.015），抑郁水平(OR=1.027，p<0.001)，躯体移动性(OR=0.946，p=0.007)，肾病病史（OR=1.659，p<0.001），哮喘病史（OR=1.527，p=0.008），意外伤害史（OR=1.348，p=0.015），社区中是否有娱乐和健身活动的场所（OR=0.672，p<0.001），以及社区中是否有卫生服务中心/保健中心（OR=0.882，p=0.006）。
■中国老年人的听力障碍发生率很高。在老年人的护理中应充分考虑导致残疾发生率的保护和风险因素。
