PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
This review summarizes published records on the prevalence, species diversity, geographical distribution, mixed infections, co-infections with other trematodes and intermediate hosts (IHs) of amphistomes (rumen flukes) of wild ruminants in Africa. Literature search was conducted on Google Scholar, PubMed and JSTOR, using a combination of predetermined search terms and Boolean operators. Of the 54 African countries searched, results showed that occurrence of amphistome infections in wild ruminants have only been reported in 23 countries. A total of 38 amphistome species consisting of the following 11 genera were recorded, viz Bilatorchis, Calicophoron, Carmyerius, Choerecotyloides, Cotylophoron, Explanatum, Gastrothylax, Gigantocotyle, Leiperocotyle, Paramphistomum and Stephanopharynx. These were recorded in 39 wild ruminant species, belonging to the Bovidae family. The genus Carmyerius recorded the highest number of species (n = 13) across nine countries Africa. However, Calicophoron species (n = 9) were more widely distributed, occurring in 17 countries across all regions of Africa. Species of this genus collectively infected 27 wild ruminant species. However, at a species level, Cotylophoron cotylophorum infected the highest number of wild ruminant species. Prevalence of infection based on post-mortem examination ranged from 1.89% in African Buffalo to 100% in Defassa waterbuck from Egypt and Zambia, respectively. The most common mixed infections recorded were those between amphistomes of the same or different genus. Snail intermediate hosts (IHs) were described for 10/38 amphistome species, and these were predominantly species from Plarnobidae family. Despite the richness in diversity of amphistomes infecting wild ruminants in Africa, there is need to further confirm identity of snail IHs and the amphistome species using both morphological and molecular techniques. Furthermore, more studies are recommended to assess the burden of amphistomosis in commercially reared wildlife/game farming, mixed game and livestock farming systems in Africa.
摘要：
这篇综述总结了已发表的关于患病率的记录，物种多样性,地理分布,混合感染，与非洲野生反刍动物的两栖动物（瘤胃吸虫）的其他吸虫和中间宿主（IHs）共感染。在谷歌学者上进行了文献检索，PubMed和JSTOR,使用预定搜索词和布尔运算符的组合。在被搜索的54个非洲国家中，结果表明，野生反刍动物中的安普斯组感染仅在23个国家报告。共记录了由以下11属组成的38种amphistome物种，vizBilatorchis,Calicophron,Carmyerius,Choeerecozyides,子喉，解释,天麻,Gigantocotyle,莱波科，两栖动物和斯蒂芬咽。这些记录在39种野生反刍动物中，属于Bovidae家族。Carmyerius属在非洲9个国家中记录的物种数量最高（n=13）。然而,Calicophoron物种（n=9）分布更广泛，发生在非洲所有地区的17个国家。该属的物种共同感染了27种野生反刍动物。然而,在物种层面，虫草侵染的野生反刍动物种类最多。基于验尸的感染患病率从非洲布法罗的1.89％到埃及和赞比亚的Defassa水巴克的100％，分别。记录的最常见的混合感染是相同或不同属的两栖动物之间的感染。蜗牛中间宿主（IHs）被描述为10/38amphistome物种，这些主要是Plarnobidae家族的物种。尽管感染非洲野生反刍动物的两栖动物种类丰富，需要使用形态学和分子技术进一步确认蜗牛IHs和amphistome物种的身份。此外，建议进行更多研究来评估商业饲养的野生动物/野味养殖中两栖病的负担，非洲的混合野味和畜牧业系统。
