Abstract：
Nanotechnology has emerged as a revolutionary technology that has been applied in the oil and gas industry for over a decade, spanning the upstream, midstream, and downstream sectors. Nanotechnology has made significant contributions to the exploration of crude oil and natural gas, both in underground and deep-water environments. It has also played a crucial role in improving the drilling process, enabling the extraction of oil and gas resources from beneath the Earth\'s surface. Nanoparticles, with their unique physical and chemical properties, such as high specific surface area, high pore volume, and small size, have demonstrated considerable potential in the oil industry. Extensive research has been conducted to explore various types of nanoparticles for advanced applications, including oil exploration, drilling, production, and enhanced oil recovery (EOR). Moreover, nanomaterials have found applications in downstream and intermediate sectors, such as crude oil refining, natural gas processing, and transportation and storage of petroleum products. Ongoing advancements in nanomaterial synthesis methods, the exploration of new nanomaterial uses, and understanding the remarkable properties of nanomaterials will continue to make them increasingly valuable in the oil and gas sector. The oil and gas industry recognises the potential of nanotechnology and nanoparticles and is investing significantly in research and development in this area. This comprehensive review aims to summarise successful applications of nanotechnology while addressing associated challenges. It serves as a valuable resource for future research and application endeavours in the field, highlighting the potential of nanotechnology in the oil and gas industry.
摘要：
纳米技术已经成为一项革命性的技术，已经在石油和天然气行业应用了十多年，跨越上游，中游,和下游部门。纳米技术为原油和天然气的勘探做出了重大贡献，在地下和深水环境中。对改善钻井工艺也起到了至关重要的作用,能够从地球表面下开采石油和天然气资源。纳米颗粒,具有其独特的物理和化学性质，例如高比表面积，高孔隙体积,和小尺寸，在石油工业中显示出相当大的潜力。已经进行了广泛的研究，以探索用于高级应用的各种类型的纳米颗粒，包括石油勘探,钻孔,生产,和提高石油采收率（EOR）。此外，纳米材料已经在下游和中间部门找到了应用，例如原油精炼，天然气加工，以及石油产品的运输和储存。纳米材料合成方法的不断进步，探索新的纳米材料用途，了解纳米材料的非凡特性将继续使它们在石油和天然气领域越来越有价值。石油和天然气行业认识到纳米技术和纳米颗粒的潜力，并在该领域的研究和开发方面进行了大量投资。这篇综合综述旨在总结纳米技术的成功应用，同时应对相关挑战。它是该领域未来研究和应用努力的宝贵资源，强调纳米技术在石油和天然气行业的潜力。
