Abstract：
The surgical repair of a ruptured tendon faces two major problems: specifically increased fibrous adhesion to the surrounding tissue and inferior mechanical properties of the scar tissue compared to the native tissue. Bacterial attachment to implant materials is an additional problem as it might lead to severe infections and impaired recovery. To counteract adhesion formation, two novel implant materials were fabricated by electrospinning, namely, a random fiber mesh containing hyaluronic acid (HA) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) in a ratio of 1:1 (HA/PEO 1:1) and 1:4 (HA/PEO 1:4), respectively. Electrospun DegraPol (DP) treated with silver nanoparticles (DP-Ag) was developed to counteract the bacterial attachment. The three novel materials were compared to the previously described DP and DP with incorporated insulin-like growth factor-1 (DP-IGF-1), two implant materials that were also designed to improve tendon repair. To test whether the materials are prone to bacterial adhesion and biofilm formation, we assessed 10 strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Enterococcus faecalis, known for causing nosocomial infections. Fiber diameter, pore size, and water contact angle, reflecting different degrees of hydrophobicity, were used to characterize all materials. Generally, we observed higher biofilm formation on the more hydrophobic DP as compared to the more hydrophilic DP-IGF-1 and a trend toward reduced biofilm formation for DP treated with silver nanoparticles. For the two HA/PEO implants, a similar biofilm formation was observed. All tested materials were highly prone to bacterial adherence and biofilm formation, pointing toward the need of further material development, including the optimized incorporation of antibacterial agents such as silver nanoparticles or antibiotics.
摘要：
断裂肌腱的手术修复面临两个主要问题：与天然组织相比，与周围组织的纤维粘附力特别增加，疤痕组织的机械性能较差。细菌附着到植入材料是额外的问题,因为它可能导致严重的感染和受损的恢复。为了抵消粘连的形成,通过静电纺丝制备了两种新型的植入材料，即,含有透明质酸（HA）和聚（环氧乙烷）（PEO）的随机纤维网，比例为1：1（HA/PEO1：1）和1：4（HA/PEO1：4），分别。开发了用银纳米颗粒（DP-Ag）处理的电纺DegraPol（DP）以抵消细菌附着。将这三种新材料与先前描述的DP和掺入胰岛素样生长因子-1（DP-IGF-1）的DP进行了比较，两种植入物材料也被设计用于改善肌腱修复。为了测试材料是否容易细菌粘附和生物膜形成，我们评估了10株金黄色葡萄球菌，表皮葡萄球菌，铜绿假单胞菌,和粪肠球菌，以引起医院感染而闻名。纤维直径,孔径,和水接触角，反映不同程度的疏水性，用于表征所有材料。一般来说,我们观察到与更亲水的DP-IGF-1相比,在更疏水的DP上形成更高的生物膜,并且对于用银纳米颗粒处理的DP,生物膜形成减少的趋势。对于两种HA/PEO植入物，观察到类似的生物膜形成。所有测试材料都很容易细菌粘附和生物膜形成，指出进一步物质发展的需要，包括优化掺入抗菌剂如银纳米颗粒或抗生素。
