Abstract：
Since its discovery in 1955, the incidence and geographical spread of reported Oropouche virus (OROV) infections have increased. Oropouche fever has been suggested to be one of the most important vector-borne diseases in Latin America. However, both literature on OROV and genomic sequence availability are scarce, with few contributing laboratories worldwide. Three reassortant OROV glycoprotein gene variants termed Iquitos, Madre de Dios, and Perdões virus have been described from humans and non-human primates. OROV predominantly causes acute febrile illness, but severe neurological disease such as meningoencephalitis can occur. Due to unspecific symptoms, laboratory diagnostics are crucial. Several laboratory tests have been developed but robust commercial tests are hardly available. Although OROV is mainly transmitted by biting midges, it has also been detected in several mosquito species and a wide range of vertebrate hosts, which likely facilitates its widespread emergence. However, potential non-human vertebrate reservoirs have not been systematically studied. Robust animal models to investigate pathogenesis and immune responses are not available. Epidemiology, pathogenesis, transmission cycle, cross-protection from infections with OROV reassortants, and the natural history of infection remain unclear. This Review identifies Oropouche fever as a neglected disease and offers recommendations to address existing knowledge gaps, enable risk assessments, and ensure effective public health responses.
摘要：
自1955年发现以来，据报道的Oropouche病毒（OROV）感染的发病率和地理分布有所增加。Oropouche热已被认为是拉丁美洲最重要的媒介传播疾病之一。然而,关于OROV和基因组序列可用性的文献都很少，在全球范围内很少有贡献的实验室。三种重组OROV糖蛋白基因变体称为Iquitos，MadredeDios,已经从人类和非人灵长类动物中描述了Perd_es病毒。OROV主要导致急性高热疾病，但严重的神经系统疾病如脑膜脑炎可能发生。由于非特异性症状,实验室诊断至关重要。已经开发了一些实验室测试，但几乎没有可靠的商业测试。尽管OROV主要是通过咬mid传播的，它也在几种蚊子和广泛的脊椎动物宿主中被发现，这可能有助于它的广泛出现。然而,尚未对潜在的非人类脊椎动物储层进行系统研究。尚没有用于研究发病机理和免疫反应的稳健动物模型。流行病学,发病机制，传输周期,交叉保护免受OROV重配体感染，感染的自然史仍不清楚。本综述将奥罗普什热确定为一种被忽视的疾病，并提出了解决现有知识差距的建议。启用风险评估，并确保有效的公共卫生对策。
