Abstract：
Ecotoxicological assessments encompass a broad spectrum of biochemical endpoints and ecological factors, allowing for comprehensive assessments concerning pollutant exposure levels and their effects on both fish populations and surrounding ecosystems. While these evaluations offer invaluable insights into the overall health and dynamics of aquatic environments, they often provide an integrated perspective, making it challenging to pinpoint the precise sources and individual-level responses to environmental contaminants. In contrast, biliary pollutant excretion assessments represent a focused approach aimed at understanding how fish at the individual level respond to environmental stressors. In this sense, the analysis of pollutant profiles in fish bile not only serves as a valuable exposure indicator, but also provides critical information concerning the uptake, metabolism, and elimination of specific contaminants. Therefore, by investigating unique and dynamic fish responses to various pollutants, biliary assessments can contribute significantly to the refinement of ecotoxicological studies. This review aims to discuss the multifaceted utility of bile as a potent biomarker for various environmental pollutants in fish in targeted monitoring strategies, such as polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, metals, pesticides, pharmaceuticals, estrogenic compounds, resin acids, hepatotoxins and per- and polyfluorinated substances. The main caveats of this type of assessment are also discussed, as well as future directions of fish bile studies.
摘要：
生态毒理学评估包括广泛的生化终点和生态因素，允许全面评估污染物暴露水平及其对鱼类种群和周围生态系统的影响。虽然这些评估为水生环境的整体健康和动态提供了宝贵的见解，它们通常提供综合的视角，这使得很难确定对环境污染物的精确来源和个体水平的反应。相比之下,胆汁污染物排泄评估是一种重点关注的方法，旨在了解个体水平的鱼类如何应对环境压力。在这个意义上,对鱼胆中污染物概况的分析不仅是一个有价值的暴露指标，但也提供了关于摄取的关键信息，新陈代谢，并消除特定的污染物。因此,通过调查鱼类对各种污染物的独特和动态反应，胆道评估可以显著促进生态毒理学研究的完善.这次审查,因此,目的是讨论胆汁作为鱼类各种环境污染物的有效生物标志物在有针对性的监测策略的多方面效用，如多环芳烃，金属，杀虫剂,制药，雌激素化合物，树脂酸，肝毒素和全氟化和多氟化物质。还讨论了这种评估的主要警告，以及未来鱼类胆汁研究的方向。
