Abstract：
OBJECTIVE: Early menopause or premature ovarian insufficiency (POI), menopause occurring before age 45 and 40 years respectively, occur at the age when most women are establishing or consolidating their careers. Studies of older postmenopausal women indicate an adverse bidirectional relationship between menopause and work. However, data are lacking regarding the work experiences of women with early menopause or POI. We explored the experiences of women with early menopause or POI in relation to work.
METHODS: Using maximum variation sampling, 30 women (median age 44 years and 38 years at menopause diagnosis) of diverse backgrounds and menopause causes (16/30 iatrogenic) participated in qualitative interviews to explore experiences of early menopause/POI in the context of their overall lives, work and career. Dual thematic (themes identified across interviews) and thematic narrative (themes identified within individual interviews) analysis was done using NVivo 12 software.
METHODS: Themes related to work experiences and influencing factors.
RESULTS: Two major themes were identified: \'on-the-job\' experiences (work performance, bodily presentation and disclosure) and career trajectories (intact and altered). Factors impacting the interaction between work and early menopause/POI included: career (type of work, environment, working conditions), personal (age, socio-economic background, family arrangements, migration history) and menopause experience (spontaneous versus iatrogenic, treatment complexity).
CONCLUSIONS: Early menopause/POI has multiple impacts on women\'s work experiences and career trajectories. As with older postmenopausal women, career and personal factors influence younger women\'s work experience. However, this research highlights differences associated with menopause occurring at an earlier, often unexpected age compared with menopause at the usual age.
METHODS: Using maximum variation sampling, 30 women (median age 44 years and 38 years at menopause diagnosis) of diverse backgrounds and menopause causes (16/30 iatrogenic) participated in qualitative interviews to explore experiences of early menopause/POI in the context of their overall lives, work and career. Dual thematic (themes identified across interviews) and thematic narrative (themes identified within individual interviews) analysis was done using NVivo 12 software.
METHODS: Themes related to work experiences and influencing factors.
RESULTS: Two major themes were identified: \'on-the-job\' experiences (work performance, bodily presentation and disclosure) and career trajectories (intact and altered). Factors impacting the interaction between work and early menopause/POI included: career (type of work, environment, working conditions), personal (age, socio-economic background, family arrangements, migration history) and menopause experience (spontaneous versus iatrogenic, treatment complexity).
CONCLUSIONS: Early menopause/POI has multiple impacts on women\'s work experiences and career trajectories. As with older postmenopausal women, career and personal factors influence younger women\'s work experience. However, this research highlights differences associated with menopause occurring at an earlier, often unexpected age compared with menopause at the usual age.
摘要：
目的：绝经早期或卵巢早衰（POI），绝经分别发生在45岁和40岁之前，发生在大多数女性建立或巩固职业的年龄。对绝经后老年妇女的研究表明，绝经与工作之间存在不利的双向关系。然而,缺乏有关绝经早期或POI女性工作经验的数据。我们探索了绝经早期或POI女性与工作有关的经验。
方法：使用最大变化采样，30名不同背景和更年期原因（16/30医源性）的妇女（诊断为绝经时的中位年龄44岁和38岁）参加了定性访谈，以探讨其整体生活中早期绝经/POI的经历，工作和事业。使用NVivo12软件进行双主题（在访谈中确定的主题）和主题叙述（在个人访谈中确定的主题）分析。
方法：与工作经验和影响因素相关的主题。
结果：确定了两个主要主题：\'在职\'经验（工作绩效，身体展示和披露)和职业轨迹(完整和改变)。影响工作和早期更年期/POI之间相互作用的因素包括：职业(工作类型，环境,工作条件)，个人(年龄,社会经济背景,家庭安排,迁移史)和更年期经历(自发性与医源性，治疗复杂性)。
结论：绝经早期/POI对女性的工作经历和职业轨迹有多重影响。和绝经后的老年妇女一样，职业和个人因素影响年轻女性的工作经验。然而,这项研究强调了与更早发生的更年期相关的差异，与正常年龄的更年期相比，往往是意想不到的年龄。
方法：使用最大变化采样，30名不同背景和更年期原因（16/30医源性）的妇女（诊断为绝经时的中位年龄44岁和38岁）参加了定性访谈，以探讨其整体生活中早期绝经/POI的经历，工作和事业。使用NVivo12软件进行双主题（在访谈中确定的主题）和主题叙述（在个人访谈中确定的主题）分析。
方法：与工作经验和影响因素相关的主题。
结果：确定了两个主要主题：\'在职\'经验（工作绩效，身体展示和披露)和职业轨迹(完整和改变)。影响工作和早期更年期/POI之间相互作用的因素包括：职业(工作类型，环境,工作条件)，个人(年龄,社会经济背景,家庭安排,迁移史)和更年期经历(自发性与医源性，治疗复杂性)。
结论：绝经早期/POI对女性的工作经历和职业轨迹有多重影响。和绝经后的老年妇女一样，职业和个人因素影响年轻女性的工作经验。然而,这项研究强调了与更早发生的更年期相关的差异，与正常年龄的更年期相比，往往是意想不到的年龄。
