Abstract：
Gastrointestinal nematode (GIN) infection has applied significant evolutionary pressure to the mammalian immune system and remains a global economic and human health burden. Upon infection, type 2 immune sentinels activate a common antihelminth response that mobilizes and remodels the intestinal tissue for effector function; however, there is growing appreciation of the impact GIN infection also has on the distal tissue immune state. Indeed, this effect is observed even in tissues through which GINs never transit. This review highlights how GIN infection modulates systemic immunity through (a) induction of host resistance and tolerance responses, (b) secretion of immunomodulatory products, and (c) interaction with the intestinal microbiome. It also discusses the direct consequences that changes to distal tissue immunity can have for concurrent and subsequent infection, chronic noncommunicable diseases, and vaccination efficacy.
摘要：
胃肠道线虫（GIN）感染已对哺乳动物免疫系统施加了巨大的进化压力，并且仍然是全球经济和人类健康负担。一旦感染,2型免疫前哨激活一种常见的抗蠕虫反应，动员和重塑肠组织的效应子功能；然而，人们越来越认识到GIN感染对远端组织免疫状态的影响。的确,即使在GINs从未通过的组织中也观察到这种作用。这篇综述强调了GIN感染如何通过（a）诱导宿主抗性和耐受性反应来调节全身免疫，(b)分泌免疫调节产物，和(c)与肠道微生物组的相互作用。它还讨论了远端组织免疫改变对并发和后续感染的直接后果，慢性非传染性疾病，和疫苗接种功效。预计《免疫学年度回顾》的最终在线出版日期，第42卷是2024年4月。请参阅http://www。annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates的订正估计数。
