PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Plant disease outbreaks are increasing in a world facing climate change and globalized markets, representing a serious threat to food security. Kiwifruit Bacterial Canker (KBC), caused by the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae pv. actinidiae (Psa), was selected as a case study for being an example of a pandemic disease that severely impacted crop production, leading to huge economic losses, and for the effort that has been made to control this disease. This review provides an in-depth and critical analysis on the scientific progress made for developing alternative tools for sustainable KBC management. Their status in terms of technological maturity is discussed and a set of opportunities and threats are also presented. The gradual replacement of susceptible kiwifruit cultivars, with more tolerant ones, significantly reduced KBC incidence and was a major milestone for Psa containment - which highlights the importance of plant breeding. Nonetheless, this is a very laborious process. Moreover, the potential threat of Psa evolving to more virulent biovars, or resistant lineages to existing control methods, strengthens the need of keep on exploring effective and more environmentally friendly tools for KBC management. Currently, plant elicitors and beneficial fungi and bacteria are already being used in the field with some degree of success. Precision agriculture technologies, for improving early disease detection and preventing pathogen dispersal, are also being developed and optimized. These include hyperspectral technologies and forecast models for Psa risk assessment, with the latter being slightly more advanced in terms of technological maturity. Additionally, plant protection products based on innovative formulations with molecules with antibacterial activity against Psa (e.g., essential oils, phages and antimicrobial peptides) have been validated primarily in laboratory trials and with few compounds already reaching field application. The lessons learned with this pandemic disease, and the acquired scientific and technological knowledge, can be of importance for sustainably managing other plant diseases and handling future pandemic outbreaks.
摘要：
在面临气候变化和全球化市场的世界中，植物病害的爆发正在增加，对粮食安全构成严重威胁。猕猴桃细菌性溃疡（KBC），由细菌丁香假单胞菌pv引起。猕猴桃（Psa），被选为严重影响作物生产的大流行性疾病的案例研究，造成巨大的经济损失,以及为控制这种疾病所做的努力。这篇综述对开发可持续KBC管理替代工具的科学进展进行了深入和批判性的分析。讨论了它们在技术成熟度方面的地位，并提出了一系列机会和威胁。易感猕猴桃品种的逐步替代，有了更宽容的，KBC发病率显著降低,是Psa遏制的一个重要里程碑,突出了植物育种的重要性.尽管如此，这是一个非常费力的过程。此外，Psa进化为更具毒性的生物变量的潜在威胁，或对现有控制方法的抗性谱系，加强了继续探索有效和更环保的KBC管理工具的需要。目前,植物激发子和有益的真菌和细菌已经在该领域取得了一定程度的成功。精准农业技术,为了提高疾病的早期检测和防止病原体传播，也正在开发和优化。这些包括用于Psa风险评估的高光谱技术和预测模型，后者在技术成熟度方面稍有进步。此外,基于创新配方的植物保护产品，具有对Psa具有抗菌活性的分子(例如，精油，噬菌体和抗菌肽）已主要在实验室试验中得到验证，很少有化合物已经达到现场应用。从这种大流行疾病中吸取的教训，和获得的科学技术知识，对于可持续地管理其他植物病害和处理未来的大流行爆发具有重要意义。
