PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Men are more likely to have unmet need for mental healthcare than women. However, an under-investigated aspect of the gender difference is the role of mental health literacy. This study investigated how combinations of gender and mental health literacy were related to two indicators of unmet need: not perceiving a need for mental healthcare despite poor mental health, and refraining from seeking mental healthcare.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire sent to a general population sample, aged 16-84 years, in Stockholm County, Sweden, in 2019. Of the 1863 respondents (38%), 1563 were included (≥18 years). The sample was stratified into four groups, men and women with low or high mental health literacy, using the third quartile of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule. The likelihood of not perceiving a need for mental healthcare and refraining from seeking mental healthcare, at any time in life, were investigated by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS: Men with low mental health literacy were most likely to not perceive a need for mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age, education, and poor mental health (OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.7), and to refrain from seeking mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age and education (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4), followed by men with high mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, and OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) and women with low mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). Women with high mental health literacy were least likely (reference group).
CONCLUSIONS: The results show differences in the likelihood of unmet need for mental healthcare based on combinations of gender and mental health literacy level, with men having low mental health literacy being most at risk, and women with high mental health literacy being least at risk. This challenges generalisations of a gender difference in unmet need by showing heterogeneity among men and women based on mental health literacy. Men with low mental health literacy may be particularly in need of targeted interventions to reduce potential individual and societal consequences of their unmet need.
METHODS: This cross-sectional study was based on a questionnaire sent to a general population sample, aged 16-84 years, in Stockholm County, Sweden, in 2019. Of the 1863 respondents (38%), 1563 were included (≥18 years). The sample was stratified into four groups, men and women with low or high mental health literacy, using the third quartile of the Mental Health Knowledge Schedule. The likelihood of not perceiving a need for mental healthcare and refraining from seeking mental healthcare, at any time in life, were investigated by calculating odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals.
RESULTS: Men with low mental health literacy were most likely to not perceive a need for mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age, education, and poor mental health (OR 5.3, 95% CI 3.6-7.7), and to refrain from seeking mental healthcare, also when adjusting for age and education (OR 3.3, 95% CI 1.7-6.4), followed by men with high mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.5-2.4, and OR 1.5, 95% CI 1.0-2.2) and women with low mental health literacy (OR 1.9, 95% CI 1.2-2.9, and OR 2.1, 95% CI 1.1-3.9). Women with high mental health literacy were least likely (reference group).
CONCLUSIONS: The results show differences in the likelihood of unmet need for mental healthcare based on combinations of gender and mental health literacy level, with men having low mental health literacy being most at risk, and women with high mental health literacy being least at risk. This challenges generalisations of a gender difference in unmet need by showing heterogeneity among men and women based on mental health literacy. Men with low mental health literacy may be particularly in need of targeted interventions to reduce potential individual and societal consequences of their unmet need.
摘要：
背景：男性比女性更有可能对精神保健有未满足的需求。然而,性别差异的一个未被调查的方面是心理健康素养的作用。这项研究调查了性别和心理健康素养的组合如何与两个未满足需求的指标相关：尽管心理健康状况不佳，但没有意识到对心理健康的需求，避免寻求精神保健。
方法：这项横断面研究基于发给一般人群样本的问卷，16-84岁,在斯德哥尔摩县,瑞典,2019年。在1863名受访者中（38%），纳入1563例（≥18岁）。样本被分为四组，心理健康素养低或高的男性和女性，使用心理健康知识时间表的第三个四分位数。没有意识到需要精神保健和避免寻求精神保健的可能性，在生活中的任何时候，通过计算95%置信区间的比值比进行调查。
结果：心理健康素养较低的男性最有可能认为不需要精神保健，当调整年龄时，教育,和不良的心理健康（OR5.3，95％CI3.6-7.7），避免寻求精神保健，在调整年龄和教育程度时(OR3.3，95%CI1.7-6.4)，其次是心理健康素养较高的男性(OR1.9,95%CI1.5-2.4和OR1.5,95%CI1.0-2.2)和心理健康素养较低的女性(OR1.9,95%CI1.2-2.9和OR2.1,95%CI1.1-3.9).具有高心理健康素养的女性最不可能（参考组）。
结论：结果显示，基于性别和心理健康素养水平的组合，心理健康需求未满足的可能性存在差异。心理健康素养较低的男性风险最大，而具有高心理健康素养的女性风险最小。通过基于心理健康素养显示男女之间的异质性，这挑战了未满足需求中性别差异的概括。心理健康素养较低的男性可能特别需要有针对性的干预措施，以减少其未满足需求的潜在个人和社会后果。
方法：这项横断面研究基于发给一般人群样本的问卷，16-84岁,在斯德哥尔摩县,瑞典,2019年。在1863名受访者中（38%），纳入1563例（≥18岁）。样本被分为四组，心理健康素养低或高的男性和女性，使用心理健康知识时间表的第三个四分位数。没有意识到需要精神保健和避免寻求精神保健的可能性，在生活中的任何时候，通过计算95%置信区间的比值比进行调查。
结果：心理健康素养较低的男性最有可能认为不需要精神保健，当调整年龄时，教育,和不良的心理健康（OR5.3，95％CI3.6-7.7），避免寻求精神保健，在调整年龄和教育程度时(OR3.3，95%CI1.7-6.4)，其次是心理健康素养较高的男性(OR1.9,95%CI1.5-2.4和OR1.5,95%CI1.0-2.2)和心理健康素养较低的女性(OR1.9,95%CI1.2-2.9和OR2.1,95%CI1.1-3.9).具有高心理健康素养的女性最不可能（参考组）。
结论：结果显示，基于性别和心理健康素养水平的组合，心理健康需求未满足的可能性存在差异。心理健康素养较低的男性风险最大，而具有高心理健康素养的女性风险最小。通过基于心理健康素养显示男女之间的异质性，这挑战了未满足需求中性别差异的概括。心理健康素养较低的男性可能特别需要有针对性的干预措施，以减少其未满足需求的潜在个人和社会后果。
