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Abstract：
Comorbid depression and anxiety causes serious psychological and physiological damage for older people. This study aimed to identify heterogeneous classes of comorbid depression and anxiety (CDA) among older people in China and to ascertain predictors of latent class membership. Cross-sectional data of 10,919 cases were extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify symptom patterns of comorbid depression (measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale). Multinomial logistic regressions following bivariate analyses were used to explore the relationship between the derived classes and individual- and social-level factors. Four patterns of CDA were identified: low symptoms of depression and anxiety (30.52%; n = 3333), mild depression only (53.26%; n = 5815), moderate depression and anxiety (13.82%; n = 1509), and severe depression and anxiety (2.40%; n = 262). Older people who are male, suffer from multimorbidity, and lack a healthy lifestyle are more likely to have problematic symptom profiles. While intimate relationships with partners and children significantly predicted CDA patterns, the effects of sibling relationships, daily life, and emotional support from the community were insignificant. LPA identified four distinct CDA patterns among a representative sample of older Chinese people. While restless sleep, lack of positive emotions, uselessness, and weak concentration are salient across all profiles, \"difficult to relax\" is prominent in profiles high in anxiety. In addition to individual-level variables, social-level factors, especially intimate relationships with partners and children rather than general links to siblings or the community, have unneglectable impacts on whether and to what extent older Chinese adults suffer from CDA in the cultural context of relationism, patriarchy, and filial piety.
摘要：
抑郁和焦虑并存会对老年人造成严重的心理和生理损害。这项研究旨在确定中国老年人群抑郁和焦虑（CDA）的异质性类别，并确定潜在类别成员资格的预测因素。从中国纵向健康长寿调查中提取了10919例的横截面数据。潜在特征分析（LPA）用于识别共病抑郁症（通过流行病学研究中心10项抑郁量表测量）和焦虑（通过广泛性焦虑症7项量表测量）的症状模式。双变量分析后的多项逻辑回归用于探索派生类别与个人和社会水平因素之间的关系。确定了CDA的四种模式：抑郁和焦虑的低症状（30.52％；n=3333），仅轻度抑郁症（53.26%；n=5815），中度抑郁和焦虑（13.82%；n=1509），和严重的抑郁和焦虑（2.40％；n=262）。老年人是男性，患有多种疾病，缺乏健康的生活方式更有可能出现有问题的症状。虽然与伴侣和孩子的亲密关系显着预测CDA模式，兄弟姐妹关系的影响，日常生活,来自社区的情感支持微不足道。LPA在中国老年人的代表性样本中确定了四种不同的CDA模式。当不安的睡眠，缺乏积极的情绪，无用，弱浓度在所有剖面中都很突出，“难以放松”在焦虑中突出。除了个人层面的变量，社会层面的因素，特别是与伴侣和孩子的亲密关系，而不是与兄弟姐妹或社区的一般联系，在关系的文化背景下，对中国老年人是否以及在多大程度上遭受CDA的影响不可忽视，父权制,和孝道。
