PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Breast cancer accounts for the highest cancer cases globally, with 12% of occurrences progressing to metastatic breast cancer with a low survival rate and limited effective early intervention strategies augmented by late diagnosis. Moreover, a low concentration of prognostic and predictive markers hinders disease monitoring. Circulating and exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) have recently shown a considerable interplay in breast cancer, standing out as effective diagnostic and prognostic markers. The primary functions are as gene regulatory agents at the genetic and epigenetic levels. An array of dysregulated miRNAs stimulates cancer-promoting mechanisms, activating oncogenes and controlling tumor-suppressing genes and mechanisms. Exosomes are vastly studied extracellular vesicles, carrying, and transporting cargo, including noncoding RNAs with premier roles in oncogenesis. Translocation of miRNAs from the circulation to exosomes, with RNA-binding proteins in stress-induced conditions, has shown significant cooperation in function to promote breast cancer. This review examines cellular and exosomal miRNA biogenesis and loading, the clinical implications of their dysregulation, their function in diagnosis, prognosis, and prediction of breast cancer, and in regulating cancer signaling pathways. The influence of cellular and exosomal miRNAs presents clinical significance on breast cancer diagnosis, subtyping, staging, prediction, and disease monitoring during treatment, hence a potent marker for breast cancer.
摘要：
乳腺癌占全球最高的癌症病例，12%的病例进展为转移性乳腺癌，生存率低，有效的早期干预策略有限，并通过晚期诊断得到加强。此外，低浓度的预后和预测标志物阻碍了疾病监测.循环和外泌体microRNAs（miRNAs）最近在乳腺癌中显示出相当大的相互作用。作为有效的诊断和预后标志物。主要功能是在遗传和表观遗传水平上作为基因调控剂。一系列失调的miRNA刺激癌症促进机制，激活癌基因和控制肿瘤抑制基因和机制。外泌体是大量研究的细胞外囊泡，携带,运输货物，包括在肿瘤发生中起主要作用的非编码RNA。miRNA从循环到外泌体的易位，与RNA结合蛋白在应激诱导条件下，在促进乳腺癌的功能上表现出显著的合作。这篇综述研究了细胞和外泌体miRNA的生物发生和负载，它们失调的临床意义，它们在诊断中的作用，预后,和乳腺癌的预测，以及调节癌症信号通路。细胞和外泌体miRNA对乳腺癌诊断的影响具有临床意义，亚型，分期,预测，以及治疗期间的疾病监测，因此是乳腺癌的有效标志物。
