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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) among the elderly have been found to be heterogeneous, with different trajectories. However, the transition of the IADL over time remains unclear. We aimed to explore the transition probabilities and the predictors of IADL among the elderly.
METHODS: Longitudinal data from the 2014 (T1) and 2018 (T2) waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were extracted. A sample of 2,944 participants aged 65 years or older, with complete responses to the IADL scale, was included. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were employed to identify latent profiles of IADL and investigate the transition probabilities between profiles from T1 to T2. The predictors of latent profiles and transition probabilities were examined using multinomial regression analysis.
RESULTS: The results of LPA at both T1 and T2 supported a 4-profile model solution. They were labeled as the \"Normal function profile,\" \"Mildly impaired profile,\" \"Moderately impaired profile,\" and \"Highly impaired profile\". The Normal function profile and Highly impaired profile were characterized by maintaining stability rather than transitioning over time, with transition probabilities of 0.71 and 0.68, respectively, for maintaining stability. The Mildly impaired profile and Moderately impaired profile were characterized by a stronger tendency towards transition rather than stability, with transition probabilities of 0.29 and 0.45, respectively, of transitioning to the Highly impaired profile. The transition probabilities from the three impaired function profiles to the Normal function profile ranged from 0.05 to 0.19. Age, gender, place of residence, and social participation were significant predictors of profile attribution at T1 and transition probabilities over time.
CONCLUSIONS: This study employed the LTA to examine the transition probability of IADL among the Chinese elderly. By recognizing the different profiles of IADL and understanding the factors associated with transitions among the elderly, interventions can be tailored to improve their functional independence and successful reintegration into families and society.
METHODS: Longitudinal data from the 2014 (T1) and 2018 (T2) waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey were extracted. A sample of 2,944 participants aged 65 years or older, with complete responses to the IADL scale, was included. Latent profile analysis (LPA) and latent transition analysis (LTA) were employed to identify latent profiles of IADL and investigate the transition probabilities between profiles from T1 to T2. The predictors of latent profiles and transition probabilities were examined using multinomial regression analysis.
RESULTS: The results of LPA at both T1 and T2 supported a 4-profile model solution. They were labeled as the \"Normal function profile,\" \"Mildly impaired profile,\" \"Moderately impaired profile,\" and \"Highly impaired profile\". The Normal function profile and Highly impaired profile were characterized by maintaining stability rather than transitioning over time, with transition probabilities of 0.71 and 0.68, respectively, for maintaining stability. The Mildly impaired profile and Moderately impaired profile were characterized by a stronger tendency towards transition rather than stability, with transition probabilities of 0.29 and 0.45, respectively, of transitioning to the Highly impaired profile. The transition probabilities from the three impaired function profiles to the Normal function profile ranged from 0.05 to 0.19. Age, gender, place of residence, and social participation were significant predictors of profile attribution at T1 and transition probabilities over time.
CONCLUSIONS: This study employed the LTA to examine the transition probability of IADL among the Chinese elderly. By recognizing the different profiles of IADL and understanding the factors associated with transitions among the elderly, interventions can be tailored to improve their functional independence and successful reintegration into families and society.
摘要：
背景：已发现老年人的日常生活工具活动（IADL）是异质的，有不同的轨迹。然而,IADL随时间的转变尚不清楚.我们旨在探讨老年人IADL的过渡概率和预测因素。
方法：提取了2014年（T1）和2018年（T2）中国纵向健康长寿调查的纵向数据。2,944名65岁或以上的参与者的样本，对IADL量表的完整响应，包括在内。采用潜在轮廓分析（LPA）和潜在转变分析（LTA）来识别IADL的潜在轮廓，并研究从T1到T2的轮廓之间的转变概率。使用多项回归分析检查了潜在概况和过渡概率的预测因子。
结果：LPA在T1和T2的结果均支持4-profile模型解决方案。它们被标记为“正常功能简介”，\"\"轻微受损的轮廓，\"\"中度受损的轮廓，\"和\"高度受损的配置文件\"。正常功能轮廓和高度受损轮廓的特征是保持稳定，而不是随着时间的推移而过渡。转移概率分别为0.71和0.68，为了保持稳定。轻度受损轮廓和中度受损轮廓的特征是过渡而不是稳定的趋势更强，转移概率分别为0.29和0.45，过渡到高度受损的形象。从三个受损功能概况到正常功能概况的转换概率范围为0.05至0.19。年龄,性别,居住地,和社会参与是T1时概况归因和随时间变化的过渡概率的重要预测因子。
结论：本研究采用LTA来检验中国老年人IADL的转移概率。通过识别IADL的不同概况并了解与老年人过渡相关的因素，可以调整干预措施，以提高他们的功能独立性，并成功地重新融入家庭和社会。
方法：提取了2014年（T1）和2018年（T2）中国纵向健康长寿调查的纵向数据。2,944名65岁或以上的参与者的样本，对IADL量表的完整响应，包括在内。采用潜在轮廓分析（LPA）和潜在转变分析（LTA）来识别IADL的潜在轮廓，并研究从T1到T2的轮廓之间的转变概率。使用多项回归分析检查了潜在概况和过渡概率的预测因子。
结果：LPA在T1和T2的结果均支持4-profile模型解决方案。它们被标记为“正常功能简介”，\"\"轻微受损的轮廓，\"\"中度受损的轮廓，\"和\"高度受损的配置文件\"。正常功能轮廓和高度受损轮廓的特征是保持稳定，而不是随着时间的推移而过渡。转移概率分别为0.71和0.68，为了保持稳定。轻度受损轮廓和中度受损轮廓的特征是过渡而不是稳定的趋势更强，转移概率分别为0.29和0.45，过渡到高度受损的形象。从三个受损功能概况到正常功能概况的转换概率范围为0.05至0.19。年龄,性别,居住地,和社会参与是T1时概况归因和随时间变化的过渡概率的重要预测因子。
结论：本研究采用LTA来检验中国老年人IADL的转移概率。通过识别IADL的不同概况并了解与老年人过渡相关的因素，可以调整干预措施，以提高他们的功能独立性，并成功地重新融入家庭和社会。
