PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
In settings where humans and animals closely coexist, the introduction of faecal material into unprotected water sources significantly increases the risk of contracting diarrhoeal and zoonotic waterborne diseases. The data were gathered from a survey conducted through interviews at randomly sampled villages; additionally, water samples were collected in randomly selected households and their associated feeder catchments. Molecular techniques were used, specifically qPCR, to run host-specific Bacteroides microbial source tracking (MST) assays for human, cattle, pig, chicken and dog faecal contamination. Unexpectedly, the qPCR assays revealed dogs to be the most prevalent (40.65%) depositor of faecal matter in unprotected surface water, followed by humans (40.63%); this finding was contradictory to survey findings indicating cattle as the leading source. At the household level, dogs (16.67%) and chickens (15.28%) played prominent roles, as was expected. Reflecting on some of the basic daily practices in households, nearly 89.00% of the population was found to store water due to erratic supply, in contrast to 93.23% using an improved water source. Additionally, a significant association was found between water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) variables and the occurrence of MST markers after performing a bivariate linear regression. However, the inconsistency between the MST results and household surveys suggests pervasive sanitation issues, even in households without domesticated animals.
摘要：
在人类和动物紧密共存的环境中，将粪便物质引入无保护的水源会大大增加感染腹泻和人畜共患水传播疾病的风险。数据是通过对随机抽样村庄的访谈进行的调查收集的；此外，在随机选择的家庭及其相关的饲养集水区收集水样。使用了分子技术，特别是qPCR，为人类运行宿主特异性拟杆菌微生物源跟踪（MST）测定，牛,猪,鸡和狗的粪便污染。出乎意料的是,qPCR分析显示，狗是无保护地表水中粪便物质最普遍的（40.65％）沉积者，其次是人类（40.63％）；这一发现与表明牛是主要来源的调查结果相矛盾。在家庭层面，狗(16.67%)和鸡(15.28%)发挥了突出作用，正如预期的那样。反思家庭的一些基本日常做法,由于供应不稳定，近89.00%的人口被发现储存水，相比之下，93.23%的人使用改进的水源。此外,发现水之间存在显著的关联，进行双变量线性回归后，环境卫生和个人卫生(WASH)变量和MST标记的发生。然而,MST结果与家庭调查之间的不一致表明普遍存在的卫生问题，即使在没有驯养动物的家庭中。
