PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
The term \"Fusarium Head Blight\" (FHB) resistance supposedly covers common resistances to different Fusarium spp. without any generally accepted evidence. For food safety, all should be considered with their toxins, except for deoxynivalenol (DON). Disease index (DI), scabby kernels (FDK), and DON steadily result from FHB, and even the genetic regulation of Fusarium spp. may differ; therefore, multitoxin contamination is common. The resistance types of FHB form a rather complex syndrome that has been the subject of debate for decades. It seems that resistance types are not independent variables but rather a series of components that follow disease and epidemic development; their genetic regulation may differ. Spraying inoculation (Type 1 resistance) includes the phase where spores land on palea and lemma and spread to the ovarium and also includes the spread-inhibiting resistance factor; therefore, it provides the overall resistance that is needed. A significant part of Type 1-resistant QTLs could, therefore, be Type 2, requiring the retesting of the QTLs; this is, at least, the case for the most effective ones. The updated resistance components are as follows: Component 1 is overall resistance, as discussed above; Component 2 includes spreading from the ovarium through the head, which is a part of Component 1; Component 3 includes factors from grain development to ripening (FDK); Component 4 includes factors influencing DON contamination, decrease, overproduction, and relative toxin resistance; and for Component 5, the tolerance has a low significance without new results. Independent QTLs with different functions can be identified for one or more traits. Resistance to different Fusarium spp. seems to be connected; it is species non-specific, but further research is necessary. Their toxin relations are unknown. DI, FDK, and DON should be checked as they serve as the basic data for the risk analysis of cultivars. A better understanding of the multitoxin risk is needed regarding resistance to the main Fusarium spp.; therefore, an updated testing methodology is suggested. This will provide more precise data for research, genetics, and variety registration. In winter and spring wheat, the existing resistance level is very high, close to Sumai 3, and provides much greater food safety combined with sophisticated fungicide preventive control and other practices in commercial production.
摘要：
术语“镰刀菌枯萎病”（FHB）抗性据说涵盖了对不同镰刀菌属的共同抗性。没有任何公认的证据。为了食品安全,都应该考虑他们的毒素，除了脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇（DON）。疾病指数（DI），粗糙核(FDK)，和DON稳定地来自FHB，甚至镰刀菌的遗传调控。可能不同；因此，多毒素污染是常见的。FHB的抗性类型形成了一个相当复杂的综合征，几十年来一直是争论的主题。抗性类型似乎不是独立变量，而是一系列跟随疾病和流行病发展的组成部分；它们的遗传调控可能不同。喷雾接种（1型抗性）包括孢子落在pleea和lemma上并传播到卵巢的阶段，还包括抑制传播的抗性因子；因此，它提供了所需的整体阻力。很大一部分1型抗性QTL可以，因此,是类型2，需要重新测试QTL；这是，至少,最有效的案例。更新后的电阻组件如下：组件1是整体电阻，如上所述；组分2包括从卵巢通过头部扩散，是组分1的一部分；组分3包括从谷物发育到成熟（FDK）的因素；组分4包括影响DON污染的因素，减少,生产过剩,和相对毒素抗性;并且对于组分5,耐受性在没有新结果的情况下具有低显著性。可以针对一个或多个性状鉴定具有不同功能的独立QTL。对不同镰刀菌属的抗性。似乎是有联系的；它是非特定的物种，但需要进一步的研究。它们的毒素关系未知。DI,FDK,应检查DON，因为它们是品种风险分析的基础数据。关于对主要镰刀菌属的抗性，需要更好地了解多毒素风险。；因此，建议采用更新的测试方法。这将为研究提供更精确的数据，遗传学,品种注册。在冬小麦和春小麦中，现有的阻力水平非常高，接近Sumai3，并提供更大的食品安全与先进的杀菌剂预防控制和其他商业生产实践相结合。
