Abstract：
To improve the wear resistance of articulating metallic joint endoprostheses, the surfaces can be coated with titanium niobium nitride (TiNbN). Under poor tribological conditions or malalignment, wear can occur on these implant surfaces in situ. This study investigated the biological response of human osteoblasts to wear particles generated from TiNbN-coated hip implants. Abrasive particles were generated in a hip simulator according to ISO 14242-1/-2 and extracted with Proteinase K. Particle characteristics were evaluated by electron microscopy and energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDS), inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements. Human osteoblasts were exposed to different particle dilutions (1:20, 1:50, and 1:100), and cell viability and gene expression levels of osteogenic markers and inflammatory mediators were analyzed after 4 and 7 days. Using ICP-MS, EDS, and DLS measurements, ~70% of the particles were identified as TiNbN, ranging from 39 to 94 nm. The particles exhibited a flat and subangular morphology. Exposure to particles did not influence cell viability and osteoblastic differentiation capacity. Protein levels of collagen type 1, osteoprotegerin, and receptor activator of nuclear factor κB ligand were almost unaffected. Moreover, the pro-inflammatory response via interleukins 6 and 8 was minor induced after particle contact. A high number of TiNbN wear particles only slightly affected osteoblasts\' differentiation ability and inflammatory response compared to metallic particles. Nevertheless, further studies should investigate the role of these particles in peri-implant bone tissue, especially concerning other cell types.
摘要：
为了提高铰接金属关节内置假体的耐磨性，表面可以涂覆有氮化钛铌(TiNbN)。在恶劣的摩擦学条件或不对准的情况下，磨损可以发生在这些植入物表面的原位。这项研究调查了人成骨细胞对TiNbN涂层髋关节植入物产生的磨损颗粒的生物学反应。根据ISO14242-1/-2在髋关节模拟器中产生磨料颗粒，并用蛋白酶K提取。通过电子显微镜和能量色散X射线光谱（EDS）评估颗粒特征，电感耦合等离子体质谱(ICP-MS)和动态光散射(DLS)测量。人成骨细胞暴露于不同的颗粒稀释度（1:20、1:50和1:100），4和7天后分析细胞活力和成骨标志物和炎症介质的基因表达水平。使用ICP-MS，EDS,和DLS测量，约70%的颗粒被鉴定为TiNbN，范围从39到94nm。颗粒表现出平坦和近角度的形态。暴露于颗粒不会影响细胞活力和成骨细胞分化能力。胶原蛋白1型，骨保护素的蛋白质水平，核因子κB受体活化因子配体几乎不受影响。此外，通过白细胞介素6和8的促炎反应在颗粒接触后是轻微诱导的.与金属颗粒相比，大量的TiNbN磨损颗粒仅对成骨细胞的分化能力和炎症反应有轻微影响。然而，进一步的研究应该研究这些颗粒在种植体周围骨组织中的作用，特别是关于其他细胞类型。
