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Abstract：
Electromyography, commonly known as EMG, utilizes superficial or needle electrodes to record and analyze the fundamental electrical characteristics of skeletal muscles, determining whether the muscles are contracting. The motor unit, which consists of a collection of group muscle fibers and the motor neurons that govern them, is the structural basis of EMG. Three types of electrode are used in EMG which are needle electrode, fine wire electrode, and surface electrode. A significant amount of literature indicates that the correction of muscle function affects the relationships between teeth within the same jaw and between the jaws on opposing sides. The mechanism of action in myofunctional appliance therapy is linked to neuromuscular and skeletal adaptations resulting from altered function in the orofacial region. Both myofunctional therapy and orthodontics aim to address abnormal muscular behavior, restore abnormal muscle activity, and maintain proper alignment in various areas, including the lips, lower jaw, and tongue. This knowledge is essential for functions such as swallowing, speaking, chewing, and respiration as well as for minimizing incorrect movements and positioning. This article aims to describe the application of surface EMG as a diagnosis tool for assessing muscle activities in various orthodontic disorders, such as class II malocclusion open bite, crossbite, maxillary constriction, cleft lip and palate (CLP), and temporomandibular dysfunction, in patients. The electrodes used in EMG can be utilized to detect bioelectric activity in the muscles of the jaws and abnormalities in jaw movement. Analyzing EMG data is vital for obtaining a comprehensive understanding of the masticatory muscle system.
摘要：
肌电图,通常被称为EMG，利用表面电极或针电极来记录和分析骨骼肌的基本电特性，确定肌肉是否收缩。电机单元，它由一组肌肉纤维和控制它们的运动神经元组成，是肌电图的结构基础。肌电图中使用了三种类型的电极，即针状电极，细线电极，和表面电极。大量文献表明，肌肉功能的矫正会影响同一颌内的牙齿之间以及相对两侧的颌骨之间的关系。肌功能矫治器疗法的作用机制与口面区域功能改变导致的神经肌肉和骨骼适应有关。肌功能疗法和正畸疗法都旨在解决异常的肌肉行为，恢复异常的肌肉活动，并在各个领域保持适当的对准，包括嘴唇,下颚,和舌头。这些知识对于吞咽等功能至关重要，说话,咀嚼,和呼吸以及减少不正确的运动和定位。本文旨在描述表面肌电图作为评估各种正畸疾病中肌肉活动的诊断工具的应用，比如II类错牙合开放咬伤，交叉咬合,上颌收缩,唇腭裂(CLP)和颞下颌关节功能障碍，在患者中。EMG中使用的电极可用于检测颌骨肌肉中的生物电活动和颌骨运动中的异常。分析EMG数据对于全面了解咀嚼肌系统至关重要。
