PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Research on task performance under visual field loss is often limited due to small and heterogenous samples. Simulations of visual impairments hold the potential to account for many of those challenges. Digitally altered pictures, glasses, and contact lenses with partial occlusions have been used in the past. One of the most promising methods is the use of a gaze-contingent display that occludes parts of the visual field according to the current gaze position. In this study, the gaze-contingent paradigm was implemented in a static driving simulator to simulate visual field loss and to evaluate parallels in the resulting driving and gaze behavior in comparison to patients.
UNASSIGNED: The sample comprised 15 participants without visual impairment. All the subjects performed three drives: with full vision, simulated left-sided homonymous hemianopia, and simulated right-sided homonymous hemianopia, respectively. During each drive, the participants drove through an urban environment where they had to maneuver through intersections by crossing straight ahead, turning left, and turning right.
UNASSIGNED: The subjects reported reduced safety and increased workload levels during simulated visual field loss, which was reflected in reduced lane position stability and greater absence of large gaze movements. Initial compensatory strategies could be found concerning a dislocated gaze position and a distorted fixation ratio toward the blind side, which was more pronounced for right-sided visual field loss. During left-sided visual field loss, the participants showed a smaller horizontal range of gaze positions, longer fixation durations, and smaller saccadic amplitudes compared to right-sided homonymous hemianopia and, more distinctively, compared to normal vision.
UNASSIGNED: The results largely mirror reports from driving and visual search tasks under simulated and pathological homonymous hemianopia concerning driving and scanning challenges, initially adopted compensatory strategies, and driving safety. This supports the notion that gaze-contingent displays can be a useful addendum to driving simulator research with visual impairments if the results are interpreted considering methodological limitations and inherent differences to the pathological impairment.
UNASSIGNED: The sample comprised 15 participants without visual impairment. All the subjects performed three drives: with full vision, simulated left-sided homonymous hemianopia, and simulated right-sided homonymous hemianopia, respectively. During each drive, the participants drove through an urban environment where they had to maneuver through intersections by crossing straight ahead, turning left, and turning right.
UNASSIGNED: The subjects reported reduced safety and increased workload levels during simulated visual field loss, which was reflected in reduced lane position stability and greater absence of large gaze movements. Initial compensatory strategies could be found concerning a dislocated gaze position and a distorted fixation ratio toward the blind side, which was more pronounced for right-sided visual field loss. During left-sided visual field loss, the participants showed a smaller horizontal range of gaze positions, longer fixation durations, and smaller saccadic amplitudes compared to right-sided homonymous hemianopia and, more distinctively, compared to normal vision.
UNASSIGNED: The results largely mirror reports from driving and visual search tasks under simulated and pathological homonymous hemianopia concerning driving and scanning challenges, initially adopted compensatory strategies, and driving safety. This supports the notion that gaze-contingent displays can be a useful addendum to driving simulator research with visual impairments if the results are interpreted considering methodological limitations and inherent differences to the pathological impairment.
摘要：
■视野损失下的任务性能研究通常由于样本小且异质而受到限制。视觉障碍的模拟有可能解释许多这些挑战。数字修改的图片，眼镜,过去已经使用了部分闭塞的隐形眼镜。最有前途的方法之一是使用注视视情况显示，该显示根据当前注视位置遮挡部分视野。在这项研究中,在静态驾驶模拟器中实施了注视偶然性范式,以模拟视野丧失,并评估与患者相比所产生的驾驶和注视行为的相似性.
■样本包括15名没有视力障碍的参与者。所有受试者都进行了三次驱动:全视力，模拟左侧同义偏盲，和模拟右侧同义偏盲，分别。在每个驱动器期间，参与者开车穿过城市环境，他们不得不通过直行穿过十字路口，向左转,向右转。
■受试者报告在模拟视野丧失期间安全性降低和工作量增加，这反映在车道位置稳定性降低和更大的凝视运动缺失上。可以找到有关凝视位置错位和向盲侧扭曲的固定比的初始补偿策略，这对于右侧视野损失更为明显。在左侧视野丧失期间，参与者的凝视位置水平范围较小，较长的固定持续时间，与右侧同义偏盲相比，扫视幅度较小，更独特的是，与正常视力相比。
■结果在很大程度上反映了在模拟和病理同义偏盲下驾驶和视觉搜索任务的报告，涉及驾驶和扫描挑战，最初采取补偿性策略，和驾驶安全。这支持了这样的观点，即如果考虑到方法上的局限性和病理损害的固有差异来解释结果，则凝视视情况显示器可以成为具有视觉障碍的驾驶模拟器研究的有用附录。
■样本包括15名没有视力障碍的参与者。所有受试者都进行了三次驱动:全视力，模拟左侧同义偏盲，和模拟右侧同义偏盲，分别。在每个驱动器期间，参与者开车穿过城市环境，他们不得不通过直行穿过十字路口，向左转,向右转。
■受试者报告在模拟视野丧失期间安全性降低和工作量增加，这反映在车道位置稳定性降低和更大的凝视运动缺失上。可以找到有关凝视位置错位和向盲侧扭曲的固定比的初始补偿策略，这对于右侧视野损失更为明显。在左侧视野丧失期间，参与者的凝视位置水平范围较小，较长的固定持续时间，与右侧同义偏盲相比，扫视幅度较小，更独特的是，与正常视力相比。
■结果在很大程度上反映了在模拟和病理同义偏盲下驾驶和视觉搜索任务的报告，涉及驾驶和扫描挑战，最初采取补偿性策略，和驾驶安全。这支持了这样的观点，即如果考虑到方法上的局限性和病理损害的固有差异来解释结果，则凝视视情况显示器可以成为具有视觉障碍的驾驶模拟器研究的有用附录。
