Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Microand nanoplastics pollution can cause substantial damage to ecosystems. Since scientists have focused mainly on their impact on aquatic environments, less attention has been paid to the accumulation of polymer particles in terrestrial organisms.
OBJECTIVE: We checked if submicron (<5 mm) polystyrene (PS) particles, which can accumulate in living organisms, lead to changes in the physicochemical properties of mammalian cell membranes.
METHODS: The influence of submicron PS particles on the properties of rat-derived L6 myocytes and H9c2 cardiomyocytes was analyzed. Non-functionalized and amine-functionalized PS particles of 100 nm and 200 nm in diameter were used. The MTT assay was performed to evaluate the viability of the polymers-treated cells. The effect of short (6 h) and prolonged (48 h) incubation with different concentrations of PS particles on the cell\'s zeta (ζ) potential was examined with the electrophoretic light scattering technique (ELS). Polystyrene particles\' physicochemical characteristics (size and stability) were performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering methods.
RESULTS: The results show that submicron PS particles affect cell viability and cause changes in the physiochemical parameters of rat cell membranes. Differences were observed depending on the origin of the cells. We observed doseand time-dependent alterations in the studied parameters after submicron PS particle incubation in L6 myotubes and H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
CONCLUSIONS: The size and modification of PS particle surfaces determine the extent to which they affect the analyzed properties of rat cardiomyocytes and myocytes membranes.
OBJECTIVE: We checked if submicron (<5 mm) polystyrene (PS) particles, which can accumulate in living organisms, lead to changes in the physicochemical properties of mammalian cell membranes.
METHODS: The influence of submicron PS particles on the properties of rat-derived L6 myocytes and H9c2 cardiomyocytes was analyzed. Non-functionalized and amine-functionalized PS particles of 100 nm and 200 nm in diameter were used. The MTT assay was performed to evaluate the viability of the polymers-treated cells. The effect of short (6 h) and prolonged (48 h) incubation with different concentrations of PS particles on the cell\'s zeta (ζ) potential was examined with the electrophoretic light scattering technique (ELS). Polystyrene particles\' physicochemical characteristics (size and stability) were performed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and electrophoretic light scattering methods.
RESULTS: The results show that submicron PS particles affect cell viability and cause changes in the physiochemical parameters of rat cell membranes. Differences were observed depending on the origin of the cells. We observed doseand time-dependent alterations in the studied parameters after submicron PS particle incubation in L6 myotubes and H9c2 cardiomyocytes.
CONCLUSIONS: The size and modification of PS particle surfaces determine the extent to which they affect the analyzed properties of rat cardiomyocytes and myocytes membranes.
摘要：
背景：微塑料和纳米塑料污染会对生态系统造成重大损害。由于科学家主要关注它们对水生环境的影响，聚合物颗粒在陆地生物中的积累受到的关注较少。
目的：我们检查了亚微米（<5mm）聚苯乙烯（PS）颗粒，可以在生物体中积累，导致哺乳动物细胞膜理化性质的变化。
方法：分析了亚微米PS颗粒对大鼠来源的L6肌细胞和H9c2心肌细胞性质的影响。使用直径为100nm和200nm的非官能化和胺官能化的PS颗粒。进行MTT测定以评估聚合物处理的细胞的活力。用电泳光散射技术（ELS）研究了用不同浓度的PS颗粒短期（6小时）和长期（48小时）孵育对细胞ζ（ζ）电位的影响。使用动态光散射（DLS）和电泳光散射方法进行聚苯乙烯颗粒的物理化学特性（尺寸和稳定性）。
结果：结果表明，亚微米PS颗粒影响细胞活力，并引起大鼠细胞膜理化参数的变化。根据细胞的来源观察到差异。我们观察到在L6肌管和H9c2心肌细胞中亚微米PS颗粒孵育后，研究参数的剂量和时间依赖性变化。
结论：PS颗粒表面的大小和修饰决定了它们对大鼠心肌细胞和肌细胞膜的分析特性的影响程度。
目的：我们检查了亚微米（<5mm）聚苯乙烯（PS）颗粒，可以在生物体中积累，导致哺乳动物细胞膜理化性质的变化。
方法：分析了亚微米PS颗粒对大鼠来源的L6肌细胞和H9c2心肌细胞性质的影响。使用直径为100nm和200nm的非官能化和胺官能化的PS颗粒。进行MTT测定以评估聚合物处理的细胞的活力。用电泳光散射技术（ELS）研究了用不同浓度的PS颗粒短期（6小时）和长期（48小时）孵育对细胞ζ（ζ）电位的影响。使用动态光散射（DLS）和电泳光散射方法进行聚苯乙烯颗粒的物理化学特性（尺寸和稳定性）。
结果：结果表明，亚微米PS颗粒影响细胞活力，并引起大鼠细胞膜理化参数的变化。根据细胞的来源观察到差异。我们观察到在L6肌管和H9c2心肌细胞中亚微米PS颗粒孵育后，研究参数的剂量和时间依赖性变化。
结论：PS颗粒表面的大小和修饰决定了它们对大鼠心肌细胞和肌细胞膜的分析特性的影响程度。
