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Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Although the significance of diet in preventing or managing diabetes complications is highlighted in current literature, there is insufficient evidence regarding the correlation between nutrient patterns and these complications. The objective of this case-control study is to investigate this relationship by analyzing the dietary intake of nutrients in participants with and without type 2 diabetes (T2D).
METHODS: A case-control study was conducted at the Tabriz Center of Metabolism and Endocrinology to investigate the relationship between nutrient patterns and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study enrolled 225 newly diagnosed cases of T2D and 225 controls. The dietary intake of nutrients was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation was used to obtain nutrient patterns. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk of T2D.
RESULTS: The participants\' mean (SD) age and BMI were 39.8 (8.8) years and 27.8 (3.6) kg/m2, respectively. The results identified three major nutrient patterns. The first nutrient pattern was characterized by high consumption of sucrose, animal protein, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium. The second nutrient pattern included fiber, plant protein, vitamin D, Riboflavin, Vitamin B5, copper, and Magnesium. The third nutrient pattern was characterized by fiber, plant protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. Individuals in the highest tertile of nutrient pattern 3 (NP3) had a lower risk of T2D compared to those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio was 0.52 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.30-0.89 and a P_trend of 0.039.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that conforming to a nutrient pattern consisting of plant protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B2, potassium, and calcium is linked to a lower likelihood of developing T2D.The initial results suggest that following a nutrient pattern that includes these nutrients may reduce the risk of T2D. However, further research is required to confirm the relationship between nutrient patterns and T2D.
METHODS: A case-control study was conducted at the Tabriz Center of Metabolism and Endocrinology to investigate the relationship between nutrient patterns and type 2 diabetes (T2D). The study enrolled 225 newly diagnosed cases of T2D and 225 controls. The dietary intake of nutrients was assessed using a validated semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (FFQ). Principal component analysis using Varimax rotation was used to obtain nutrient patterns. Logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the risk of T2D.
RESULTS: The participants\' mean (SD) age and BMI were 39.8 (8.8) years and 27.8 (3.6) kg/m2, respectively. The results identified three major nutrient patterns. The first nutrient pattern was characterized by high consumption of sucrose, animal protein, vitamin E, vitamin B1, vitamin B12, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and potassium. The second nutrient pattern included fiber, plant protein, vitamin D, Riboflavin, Vitamin B5, copper, and Magnesium. The third nutrient pattern was characterized by fiber, plant protein, vitamin A, riboflavin, vitamin C, calcium, and potassium. Individuals in the highest tertile of nutrient pattern 3 (NP3) had a lower risk of T2D compared to those in the lowest tertile after adjusting for confounders. The odds ratio was 0.52 with a 95% confidence interval of 0.30-0.89 and a P_trend of 0.039.
CONCLUSIONS: This study found that conforming to a nutrient pattern consisting of plant protein, vitamin C, vitamin A, vitamin B2, potassium, and calcium is linked to a lower likelihood of developing T2D.The initial results suggest that following a nutrient pattern that includes these nutrients may reduce the risk of T2D. However, further research is required to confirm the relationship between nutrient patterns and T2D.
摘要：
背景：尽管当前文献中强调了饮食在预防或管理糖尿病并发症中的重要性，关于营养模式与这些并发症之间的相关性的证据不足.这项病例对照研究的目的是通过分析有和没有2型糖尿病（T2D）的参与者的饮食营养素摄入量来研究这种关系。
方法：在大不里士代谢和内分泌学中心进行了一项病例对照研究，以研究营养模式与2型糖尿病（T2D）之间的关系。该研究纳入了225例新诊断的T2D病例和225例对照。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估营养的饮食摄入量。使用Varimax旋转的主成分分析用于获得营养模式。进行Logistic回归分析以估计T2D的风险。
结果：参与者的平均（SD）年龄和BMI分别为39.8（8.8）岁和27.8（3.6）kg/m2。结果确定了三种主要的营养模式。第一种营养模式的特点是蔗糖的高消耗，动物蛋白,维生素E,维生素B1，维生素B12，钙，磷，锌，钾。第二种营养模式包括纤维，植物蛋白，维生素D,核黄素,维生素B5，铜，镁。第三种营养模式的特征是纤维，植物蛋白，维生素A,核黄素,维生素C,钙，钾。在调整混杂因素后，与营养模式3（NP3）中最高三分位数的个体相比，T2D的风险较低。比值比为0.52，95％置信区间为0.30-0.89，P_趋势为0.039。
结论：这项研究发现，符合植物蛋白组成的营养模式，维生素C,维生素A,维生素B2，钾，钙与患T2D的可能性较低有关。初步结果表明，遵循包含这些营养素的营养模式可能会降低T2D的风险。然而,需要进一步的研究来确认营养模式与T2D之间的关系。
方法：在大不里士代谢和内分泌学中心进行了一项病例对照研究，以研究营养模式与2型糖尿病（T2D）之间的关系。该研究纳入了225例新诊断的T2D病例和225例对照。使用经过验证的半定量食物频率问卷（FFQ）评估营养的饮食摄入量。使用Varimax旋转的主成分分析用于获得营养模式。进行Logistic回归分析以估计T2D的风险。
结果：参与者的平均（SD）年龄和BMI分别为39.8（8.8）岁和27.8（3.6）kg/m2。结果确定了三种主要的营养模式。第一种营养模式的特点是蔗糖的高消耗，动物蛋白,维生素E,维生素B1，维生素B12，钙，磷，锌，钾。第二种营养模式包括纤维，植物蛋白，维生素D,核黄素,维生素B5，铜，镁。第三种营养模式的特征是纤维，植物蛋白，维生素A,核黄素,维生素C,钙，钾。在调整混杂因素后，与营养模式3（NP3）中最高三分位数的个体相比，T2D的风险较低。比值比为0.52，95％置信区间为0.30-0.89，P_趋势为0.039。
结论：这项研究发现，符合植物蛋白组成的营养模式，维生素C,维生素A,维生素B2，钾，钙与患T2D的可能性较低有关。初步结果表明，遵循包含这些营养素的营养模式可能会降低T2D的风险。然而,需要进一步的研究来确认营养模式与T2D之间的关系。
