Abstract：
The practice of naming elements from the natural world after notable individuals stretches back to ancient times. This practice of creating eponyms-terms derived from personal names-has been carried forward into prokaryotic nomenclature, where the International Code of Nomenclature of Prokaryotes (ICNP) sets guidelines for creating scientific names from personal names. However, these guidelines can be seen as culturally biased, disjointed and, on occasion, misguided. Here, with the goal of modernizing these recommendations to render them more user-friendly, coherent and inclusive, I review current practice in the light of precedents and key linguistic and cultural principles, while questioning the applicability of the first-name/last-name paradigm for many cultural traditions. Procedural challenges include romanization of the personal name (including handling of diacritics), creation of a short and agreeable latinized stem, assignment of the stem to a declension and addition of suffixes or compound word components to create genus names or species epithets, customizing the approach for names and stems that end in a vowel. I review the pros and cons of stem augmentation, which involves addition of an extra \'i\' to the original stem. Next, I formulate a coherent workflow, which I incorporate into a Python script to enable computer-based automation of name creation. Rather than following the ICNP in limiting discussion to a few dozen mainly European names, I examine how these principles work out when applied to the tens of thousands of last names under which scientists publish in the PubMed database, focusing on edge cases where conventional approaches fail, particularly very short and very long names. Drawing on these explorations and analyses, I propose emendations to the advice currently presented in the ICNP to usher in a modern, consistent, pragmatic and globally inclusive approach to the creation of prokaryotic eponyms.
摘要：
在著名的个体之后从自然界中命名元素的做法可以追溯到远古时代。这种创建自人名衍生的地名术语的做法已被推广到原核命名法，其中，《国际原核生物命名法》（ICNP）规定了从人名创建科学名的准则。然而,这些指导方针可以被视为文化偏见，脱节，有时,误导。这里,为了使这些建议现代化，使它们更加用户友好，连贯和包容，我根据先例和关键的语言和文化原则回顾当前的实践，同时质疑名/姓范式对许多文化传统的适用性。程序性挑战包括个人姓名的罗马化（包括变音符号的处理），创造一个短而令人愉快的拉丁茎，将词干分配给变调和添加后缀或复合词成分，以创建属名或物种称谓，自定义以元音结尾的名称和词干的方法。我回顾了茎扩增的利弊，这涉及在原始词干上添加一个额外的\'i\'。接下来,我制定了一个连贯的工作流程，我将其合并到Python脚本中，以实现基于计算机的名称创建自动化。与其遵循ICNP，将讨论限制在几十个主要是欧洲名称，我研究了这些原则如何应用于科学家在PubMed数据库中发布的成千上万的姓氏，专注于传统方法失败的边缘情况，特别是非常短和非常长的名字。借鉴这些探索和分析，我建议对ICNP中目前提出的建议进行修正，以迎来现代的，一致,务实和全球包容的方法来创建原核地名。
