Abstract：
Changes in soil microbial activity and ecological function can be used to assess the level of soil fertility and the stability of ecosystems. To assess the fertility and safety of organic fertilizer of kitchen waste (OFK), soils containing 0% (CK), 1%, 3%, and 5% OFK were cultured, and the physical, chemical, and microbial properties of the soils were measured dynamically with routine agrochemical analysis measures and amplicon sequencing. The results showed that compared with those in CK, the contents of organic matter, available phosphorus, available potassium, NH4+-N, and NO3--N in soils with OFK increased by 23.80%-35.13%, 13.29%-29.72%, 16.91%-39.37%, 164.7%-340.2%, and 28.56%-32.71%, respectively. The activities of hydrolases related to the cycle of carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (α-glucosidase, leucine aminopeptidase, acid phosphatase, etc.) were also significantly higher than those of the CK treatment. OFK stimulated the growth of soil microorganisms and increased the carbon content of the microbial biomass. The amplicon sequencing analysis found that the microbial community structures of different treatments were significantly different at both the class and genus levels. In addition, it was found that the abundance of beneficial microbes in the soils with OFK increased, whereas pathogenic microbes decreased. RDA results confirmed that soil properties (including soil pH, organic matter, available nutrients, and microbial biomass) had a significant impact on microbial community structure. The results of investing bacterial community based on PICRUSt and FAPROTAX revealed that the function of the soil bacterial community was similar in the four treatments, but OFK supply significantly improved the microbial carbon utilization and metabolic ability. Moreover, by using the FUNGuild software, we found that the application of OFK increased the proportion of saprotroph-symbiotroph and symbiotroph and stimulated the growth of ectomycorrhizal fungi-undefined saprophytic fungi but inhibited plant and animal pathogenic fungi in soil. These results implied that OFK could promote the establishment of symbiotic relationships and inhibit the growth of pathogenic fungi. In summary, OFK could improve soil fertility and hydrolase activity, stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms, and defend against pathogens, indicating a promising use as safe and efficient organic fertilizer.
摘要：
土壤微生物活性和生态功能的变化可用于评估土壤肥力水平和生态系统的稳定性。为了评估餐厨垃圾有机肥(OFK)的肥力和安全性，含0%(CK)的土壤，1%,3%,并培养了5%的OFK，和身体，化学,通过常规农业化学分析措施和扩增子测序动态测量土壤的微生物特性。结果表明,与CK相比,有机物的含量，有效磷,有效钾，NH4+-N,OFK土壤中NO3--N增加了23.80%-35.13%，13.29%-29.72%，16.91%-39.37%，164.7%-340.2%，和28.56%-32.71%，分别。水解酶的活性与碳循环有关，氮，和磷（α-葡萄糖苷酶，亮氨酸氨基肽酶，酸性磷酸酶,等。)也显著高于CK处理。OFK刺激了土壤微生物的生长，增加了微生物生物量的碳含量。扩增子测序分析发现，不同处理的微生物群落结构在类和属水平上都有显著差异。此外,发现OFK土壤中有益微生物的丰度增加，而致病微生物减少。RDA结果证实，土壤性质(包括土壤pH，有机物,可用的营养素，和微生物生物量)对微生物群落结构有显著影响。基于PICRUSt和FAPROTAX的细菌群落投资结果表明，四种处理中土壤细菌群落的功能相似，但OFK的供应显著提高了微生物的碳利用率和代谢能力。此外，通过使用FUNGuild软件，我们发现OFK的应用增加了腐生-共生体和共生体的比例，刺激了外生菌根真菌-未定义的腐生真菌的生长，但抑制了土壤中动植物病原真菌。这些结果表明OFK可以促进共生关系的建立并抑制病原真菌的生长。总之,OFK可以提高土壤肥力和水解酶活性，刺激有益微生物的生长，抵御病原体，表明有希望用作安全有效的有机肥料。
