Abstract：
Background: Mosquito-borne orthobunyaviruses in Canada are a growing public health concern. Orthobunyaviral diseases are commonly underdiagnosed and in Canada, likely underreported as surveillance is passive. No vaccines or specific treatments exist for these disease agents. Further, climate change is facilitating habitat expansion for relevant reservoirs and vectors, and it is likely that the majority of the Canadian population is susceptible to these viruses. Methods: A scoping review was conducted to describe the current state of knowledge on orthobunyavirus epidemiology in Canada. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews guideline was used. Literature searches were conducted in six databases and in gray literature. The epidemiology of orthobunyaviruses was characterized for studies focusing on host species, including spatiotemporal patterns, risk factors, and climate change impact. Results: A total of 172 relevant studies were identified from 1734 citations from which 95 addressed host species, including humans, wildlife, and domestic animals including livestock. The orthobunyaviruses-Cache Valley virus (CVV), Jamestown Canyon virus (JCV), Snowshoe Hare virus (SHV), and La Crosse virus (LACV)-were identified, and prevalence was widespread across vertebrate species. CVV, JCV, and SHV were detected across Canada and the United States. LACV was reported only in the United States, predominantly the Mid-Atlantic and Appalachian regions. Disease varied by orthobunyavirus and was associated with age, environment, preexisting compromised immune systems, or livestock breeding schedule. Conclusion: Knowledge gaps included seroprevalence data in Canada, risk factor analyses, particularly for livestock, and disease projections in the context of climate change. Additional surveillance and mitigation strategies, especially accounting for climate change, are needed to guide future public health efforts to prevent orthobunyavirus exposure and disease.
摘要：
背景：在加拿大，蚊子传播的正双歧杆菌病毒是越来越多的公共卫生问题。直系病毒病通常诊断不足，在加拿大，可能被低估，因为监视是被动的。不存在针对这些疾病病原体的疫苗或特异性治疗。Further,气候变化正在促进相关水库和媒介的栖息地扩张，很可能大多数加拿大人口对这些病毒易感。方法：进行了范围审查，以描述加拿大对正负病毒流行病学的知识现状。使用了用于系统审查和Meta分析扩展的首选报告项目，用于范围审查指南。在六个数据库和灰色文献中进行了文献检索。正双株病毒的流行病学特征是针对宿主物种进行的研究，包括时空模式，危险因素，和气候变化的影响。结果：从1734篇引文中确定了172篇相关研究，其中95篇涉及宿主物种，包括人类,野生动物,和家畜，包括牲畜。正双目病毒-缓存谷病毒(CVV)，詹姆斯敦峡谷病毒（JCV），雪鞋兔病毒(SHV),和拉克罗斯病毒（LACV）-被鉴定，并且在脊椎动物物种中普遍存在。CVV,JCV,在加拿大和美国都检测到SHV。LACV仅在美国报道，主要是大西洋中部和阿巴拉契亚地区。疾病因正鼻病毒而异，并与年龄有关，环境,预先存在的免疫系统受损，或牲畜饲养时间表。结论：知识差距包括加拿大的血清阳性率数据，风险因素分析，特别是对牲畜来说，和气候变化背景下的疾病预测。额外的监测和缓解策略，尤其是考虑到气候变化，需要指导未来的公共卫生工作，以预防正畸病毒暴露和疾病。
