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Abstract：
Background and objectives Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a highly aggressive malignant tumor with a poor prognosis. It is currently the second most common cause of cancer-related mortality. Arctiin, a compound found in plants commonly used as a vegetable in Asian countries and as an ingredient in traditional European dishes, possesses various properties, including anti-proliferative, anti-senescence, anti-oxidative, anti-tumor, toxic, anti-adipogenic, and anti-bacterial effects. Our study aims to investigate the potential antitumor activity of arctiin against HCC in rats by inhibiting cell fibrosis and apoptosis. Methods Rats were induced with HCC by administering thioacetamide. Arctiin was orally administered to some rats twice a week for 16 weeks at a dose of 30 mg/kg. The liver impairment was evaluated by measuring serum α-fetoprotein (AFP) and examining liver sections stained with Masson trichrome or anti-hypoxia-induced factor-1α (HIF-1α) antibodies. The hepatic expression of messenger RNA and protein levels of HIF-1α, protein kinase C (PKC), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), β-catenin, and mothers against decapentaplegic homolog 4 (SMAD4) were analyzed. Results Our study demonstrated that arctiin can potentially increase the survival rate of rats. This is achieved through a reduction in serum AFP levels and hepatic nodules. We also observed that arctiin has the ability to inhibit the formation of fibrotic tissues and necrotic nodules in HCC rats. Additionally, arctiin can significantly decrease the expression of HIF-1α, PKC, ERK, β-catenin, and SMAD4. Conclusion Arctiin has demonstrated potential anti-tumor properties that could ameliorate HCC. Studies have shown that it may increase survival rates and reduce the number of tumors and AFP levels. Arctiin works by inhibiting HCC-induced hypoxia, thus blocking the expression of HIF-1α. It also helps to slow down tumor fibrosis by decreasing the expression of β-catenin and SMAD4. Furthermore, arctiin has been found to downregulate PKC and ERK, reducing hepatic tissue apoptosis.
摘要：
背景与目的肝细胞癌（HCC）是一种高度侵袭性的恶性肿瘤，预后不良。它是目前癌症相关死亡的第二大常见原因。Arctiin,一种在亚洲国家通常用作蔬菜的植物中发现的化合物，也是传统欧洲菜肴的一种成分，拥有各种属性，包括抗增殖，抗衰老，抗氧化，抗肿瘤，有毒,抗脂肪，和抗菌效果。我们的研究目的是通过抑制细胞纤维化和凋亡来研究牛磺酸对大鼠肝癌的潜在抗肿瘤活性。方法给予硫代乙酰胺诱导大鼠肝癌。以30mg/kg的剂量每周两次口服给一些大鼠16周。通过测量血清α-甲胎蛋白（AFP）并检查用Masson三色或抗缺氧诱导因子-1α（HIF-1α）抗体染色的肝切片来评估肝功能损害。HIF-1α的肝脏信使RNA和蛋白表达水平,蛋白激酶C（PKC），细胞外信号调节激酶（ERK），β-连环蛋白，并分析了母亲对十一项截瘫同系物4（SMAD4）的影响。结果我们的研究表明，牛磺酸苷可以潜在地提高大鼠的存活率。这是通过降低血清AFP水平和肝结节来实现的。我们还观察到，奥克替林具有抑制HCC大鼠纤维化组织和坏死结节形成的能力。此外,arctiin能显著降低HIF-1α的表达,PKC,ERK,β-连环蛋白，SMAD4结论牛磺酸苷具有潜在的抗肿瘤特性，可以改善HCC。研究表明，它可以提高生存率，降低肿瘤数量和AFP水平。牛蹄苷通过抑制肝癌诱导的缺氧，从而阻断HIF-1α的表达。它还有助于通过降低β-catenin和SMAD4的表达来减缓肿瘤纤维化。此外，已发现奥克替林下调PKC和ERK，减少肝组织凋亡。
