PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Synaptic plasticity enhances or reduces connections between neurons, affecting learning and memory. Postsynaptic AMPARs mediate greater than 90% of the rapid excitatory synaptic transmission in glutamatergic neurons. The number and subunit composition of AMPARs are fundamental to synaptic plasticity and the formation of entire neural networks. Accordingly, the insertion and functionalization of AMPARs at the postsynaptic membrane have become a core issue related to neural circuit formation and information processing in the central nervous system. In this review, we summarize current knowledge regarding the related mechanisms of AMPAR expression and trafficking. The proteins related to AMPAR trafficking are discussed in detail, including vesicle-related proteins, cytoskeletal proteins, synaptic proteins, and protein kinases. Furthermore, significant emphasis was placed on the pivotal role of the actin cytoskeleton, which spans throughout the entire transport process in AMPAR transport, indicating that the actin cytoskeleton may serve as a fundamental basis for AMPAR trafficking. Additionally, we summarize the proteases involved in AMPAR post-translational modifications. Moreover, we provide an overview of AMPAR transport and localization to the postsynaptic membrane. Understanding the assembly, trafficking, and dynamic synaptic expression mechanisms of AMPAR may provide valuable insights into the cognitive decline associated with neurodegenerative diseases.
摘要：
突触可塑性增强或减少神经元之间的连接，影响学习和记忆。突触后AMPAR介导谷氨酸能神经元中超过90％的快速兴奋性突触传递。AMPAR的数量和亚基组成是突触可塑性和整个神经网络形成的基础。因此，AMPAR在突触后膜的插入和功能化已成为与中枢神经系统神经回路形成和信息处理有关的核心问题。在这次审查中,我们总结了有关AMPAR表达和贩运的相关机制的现有知识。详细讨论了与AMPAR贩运相关的蛋白质，包括囊泡相关蛋白，细胞骨架蛋白,突触蛋白，和蛋白激酶。此外，强调肌动蛋白细胞骨架的关键作用，跨越AMPAR运输的整个运输过程，表明肌动蛋白细胞骨架可能是AMPAR运输的基本基础。此外,我们总结了参与AMPAR翻译后修饰的蛋白酶。此外，我们提供了AMPAR转运和定位到突触后膜的概述。了解程序集，贩运，AMPAR的动态突触表达机制可能为神经退行性疾病相关的认知衰退提供有价值的见解。
