Abstract：
BACKGROUND: Autologous adipose tissue often experiences ischemia and hypoxia after transplantation, leading to low retention rates and unstable operative impacts due to necrotic absorption. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) can enhance fat regeneration and increase the fat retention rate after transplantation. However, the quick release of growth factors (GFs) in PRP decreases therapeutic efficiency. This study aimed to achieve a slow release of PRP to promote fat retention.
METHODS: We prepared a dual-network hydrogel (DN gel) based on FDA-approved PRP and sodium alginate (SA) through a simple \"one-step\" activation process. In vivo study, adipose tissue with saline (control group), SA gel (SA gel group), PRP gel (PRP gel group), and DN gel (DN gel group) was injected subcutaneously into the dorsum of nude mice. At 4 and 12 weeks after injection, tissues were assessed for volume and weight. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and immunofluorescence staining were performed for histological assessment.
RESULTS: DN gel exhibits long-lasting growth factor effects, surpassing conventional clinical PRP gel regarding vascularization potential. In fat transplantation experiments, DN gel demonstrated improved vascularization of transplanted fat and increased retention rates, showing promise for clinical applications.
CONCLUSIONS: DN gel-assisted lipofilling can significantly improve the retention rate and quality of transplanted fat. DN gel-assisted lipofilling, which is considered convenient, is a promising technique to improve neovascularization and fat survival.
METHODS: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
METHODS: We prepared a dual-network hydrogel (DN gel) based on FDA-approved PRP and sodium alginate (SA) through a simple \"one-step\" activation process. In vivo study, adipose tissue with saline (control group), SA gel (SA gel group), PRP gel (PRP gel group), and DN gel (DN gel group) was injected subcutaneously into the dorsum of nude mice. At 4 and 12 weeks after injection, tissues were assessed for volume and weight. Hematoxylin and eosin staining (HE) and immunofluorescence staining were performed for histological assessment.
RESULTS: DN gel exhibits long-lasting growth factor effects, surpassing conventional clinical PRP gel regarding vascularization potential. In fat transplantation experiments, DN gel demonstrated improved vascularization of transplanted fat and increased retention rates, showing promise for clinical applications.
CONCLUSIONS: DN gel-assisted lipofilling can significantly improve the retention rate and quality of transplanted fat. DN gel-assisted lipofilling, which is considered convenient, is a promising technique to improve neovascularization and fat survival.
METHODS: This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each submission to which Evidence-Based Medicine rankings are applicable. This excludes Review Articles, Book Reviews, and manuscripts that concern Basic Science, Animal Studies, Cadaver Studies, and Experimental Studies. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266.
摘要：
背景：自体脂肪组织移植后经常经历缺血和缺氧，导致低保留率和不稳定的手术影响，由于坏死吸收。富血小板血浆（PRP）可促进脂肪再生，提高移植后脂肪保留率。然而,PRP中生长因子(GFs)的快速释放降低了治疗效率.本研究旨在实现PRP的缓释以促进脂肪滞留。
方法：我们通过简单的“一步”活化过程，基于FDA批准的PRP和海藻酸钠（SA）制备了双网络水凝胶（DN凝胶）。体内研究,含生理盐水的脂肪组织（对照组），SA凝胶（SA凝胶组），PRP凝胶（PRP凝胶组），并将DN凝胶（DN凝胶组）皮下注射到裸鼠的背部。注射后4周和12周，评估组织的体积和重量.进行苏木精和伊红染色（HE）和免疫荧光染色以进行组织学评估。
结果：DN凝胶表现出持久的生长因子效应，在血管化潜力方面优于常规临床PRP凝胶。在脂肪移植实验中,DN凝胶显示移植脂肪的血管化改善和保留率增加，显示出临床应用的希望。
结论：DN凝胶辅助脂肪填充可显著提高移植脂肪的保留率和质量。DN凝胶辅助脂肪填充，这被认为是方便的，是一种改善新生血管形成和脂肪存活的有前途的技术。
方法：本期刊要求作者为每个提交的证据分配一个级别，该级别的证据适用于循证医学排名。这不包括评论文章，书评,和有关基础科学的手稿，动物研究,尸体研究，和实验研究。对于这些循证医学评级的完整描述，请参阅目录或在线作者说明www。springer.com/00266.
方法：我们通过简单的“一步”活化过程，基于FDA批准的PRP和海藻酸钠（SA）制备了双网络水凝胶（DN凝胶）。体内研究,含生理盐水的脂肪组织（对照组），SA凝胶（SA凝胶组），PRP凝胶（PRP凝胶组），并将DN凝胶（DN凝胶组）皮下注射到裸鼠的背部。注射后4周和12周，评估组织的体积和重量.进行苏木精和伊红染色（HE）和免疫荧光染色以进行组织学评估。
结果：DN凝胶表现出持久的生长因子效应，在血管化潜力方面优于常规临床PRP凝胶。在脂肪移植实验中,DN凝胶显示移植脂肪的血管化改善和保留率增加，显示出临床应用的希望。
结论：DN凝胶辅助脂肪填充可显著提高移植脂肪的保留率和质量。DN凝胶辅助脂肪填充，这被认为是方便的，是一种改善新生血管形成和脂肪存活的有前途的技术。
方法：本期刊要求作者为每个提交的证据分配一个级别，该级别的证据适用于循证医学排名。这不包括评论文章，书评,和有关基础科学的手稿，动物研究,尸体研究，和实验研究。对于这些循证医学评级的完整描述，请参阅目录或在线作者说明www。springer.com/00266.
