Abstract：
The role of ixodid ticks especially Rhipicephalus sanguineus and Heamaphysalis elliptica in the epidemiology of several diseases of veterinary and public health importance have been documented. This study conducted a systematic review focusing on the distribution of R. sanguineus and H. elliptica, as well as the common tick-borne pathogens they harbour. The Scopus, ScienceDirect, PubMed, and Web of Science databases were used to search for English journal articles published between January 1990 and June 2021. The articles were assessed by following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines. This systematic review was registered on PROSPERO [(ID no: CRD42022327372). Of the studies included in the systematic review, 247 and 19 articles had identified R. sanguineus and H. elliptica respectively, whereas 15 articles had identified both tick species. There is a reported worldwide distribution of R. sanguineus from 64 countries, whereas H. elliptica was only reported in the African continent from 6 countries. In total, 120 articles that were included in this systematic review reported detection of tick-borne pathogens from R. sanguineus (n = 118 articles) and/or H. elliptica (n = 2 articles) ticks. According to the studies tick-borne pathogens harboured by R. sanguineus included protozoa such as Babesia spp., Hepatozoon spp., Leishmania spp., and Theileria spp., as well as bacteria such as Acinetobacter spp. Anaplasma spp., Bacillus spp., Borrelia spp., Brucella spp., Coxiella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. The H. elliptica was reported to be harbouring Babesia spp., Ehrlichia spp. and Rickettsia spp. Most of the studies (50%) used the conventional polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique for the detection of tick-borne pathogens, followed by real-time PCR (qPCR) (n = 26), and nested PCR (n = 22). This systematic review has shed light on the distribution of two common dog ticks as well as the tick-borne pathogens of veterinary and zoonotic importance they are harbouring. This data will enable surveillance studies that can report whether the distribution of these ticks and their associated tick-borne pathogens is expanding or shrinking or is stable.
摘要：
已记录了ixodid壁虱，尤其是rhipicephalussanguineus和Heamphysaliselliptica在几种具有兽医和公共卫生重要性的疾病的流行病学中的作用。本研究对血源和椭圆H.的分布进行了系统评价,以及它们携带的常见蜱传病原体。Scopus,ScienceDirect,PubMed,和WebofScience数据库用于搜索1990年1月至2021年6月之间发表的英文期刊文章。通过遵循系统评价和荟萃分析（PRISMA）指南的首选报告项目对文章进行评估。该系统评价在PROSPERO上注册[(ID号：CRD42022327372)。在系统评价中包括的研究中，247篇和19篇文章分别鉴定了血红杆菌和椭圆H.而15篇文章已经确定了这两种蜱物种。据报道，来自64个国家的血源菌在全球范围内分布，而H.elliptica仅在非洲大陆有6个国家报道。总的来说,本系统综述中包含的120篇文章报道了从血门氏杆菌（n=118篇）和/或H.elliptica（n=2篇）蜱中检测到蜱传播的病原体。根据研究，血门氏杆菌所携带的蜱传播病原体包括原生动物，如巴贝斯虫。,肝菌属。,利什曼原虫。,和Theileriaspp.,以及不动杆菌属等细菌。支原体属。,芽孢杆菌。,疏螺旋体属。,布鲁氏菌属。,柯希拉属。,和葡萄球菌属。据报道，椭圆H。藏有Babesia。,埃里希菌属。和立克次体。大多数研究（50％）使用常规的聚合酶链反应（PCR）技术检测蜱传病原体，其次是实时PCR（qPCR）（n=26），和巢式PCR(n=22)。这项系统的综述揭示了两种常见的狗蜱的分布以及它们所携带的具有兽医学和人畜共患重要性的蜱传播病原体。这些数据将使监测研究能够报告这些蜱及其相关蜱传播病原体的分布是否正在扩大或缩小或稳定。
