Abstract：
Epilepsy is one of the most prevalent chronic neurological disorders characterized by frequent unprovoked epileptic seizures. Epileptic seizures can develop from a broad range of underlying abnormalities such as tumours, strokes, infections, traumatic brain injury, developmental abnormalities, autoimmune diseases, and genetic predispositions. Sometimes epilepsy is not easily diagnosed and treated due to the large diversity of symptoms. Undiagnosed and untreated seizures deteriorate over time, impair cognition, lead to injuries, and can sometimes result in death. This review gives details about epilepsy, its classification on the basis of International League Against Epilepsy, current therapeutics which are presently offered for the treatment of epilepsy. Despite of the fact that more than 30 different anti-epileptic medication and antiseizure drugs are available, large number of epileptic patients fail to attain prolonged seizure independence. Poor onsite bioavailability of drugs due to blood brain barrier poses a major challenge in drug delivery to brain. The present review covers the limitations with the state-of-the-art strategies for managing seizures and emphasizes the role of nanotechnology in overcoming these issues. Various nano-carriers like polymeric nanoparticles, dendrimers, lipidic nanoparticles such as solid lipid nanoparticles, nano-lipid carriers, have been explored for the delivery of anti-epileptic drugs to brain using oral and intranasal routes. Nano-carries protect the encapsulated drugs from degradation and provide a platform to deliver controlled release over prolonged periods, improved permeability and bioavailability at the site of action. The review also emphasises in details about the role of neuropeptides for the treatment of epilepsy.
摘要：
癫痫是最常见的慢性神经系统疾病之一，其特征是频繁的非诱发性癫痫发作。癫痫发作可以从广泛的潜在异常发展，如肿瘤，笔画,感染,创伤性脑损伤,发育异常，自身免疫性疾病，和遗传倾向。由于症状的多样性，有时癫痫不容易诊断和治疗。未诊断和未治疗的癫痫发作随着时间的推移而恶化，损害认知，导致受伤,有时会导致死亡。这篇综述提供了关于癫痫的细节，它的分类基于ILAE，目前提供的用于治疗癫痫的治疗方法。尽管有30多种不同的AED和抗癫痫药物，大量的癫痫患者未能获得长时间的癫痫发作独立性。由于血脑屏障导致的药物的现场生物利用度差在药物递送至脑中提出了主要挑战。本综述涵盖了管理缉获的最新战略的局限性，并强调了纳米技术在克服这些问题中的作用。各种纳米载体，如聚合物纳米颗粒，树枝状聚合物,脂质纳米颗粒，如固体脂质纳米颗粒，纳米脂质载体，已探索使用口服和鼻内途径将抗癫痫药物输送到大脑。纳米载体保护封装的药物免受降解，并提供一个平台，在延长的时间内提供控制释放，改善了作用部位的渗透性和生物利用度。该综述还详细强调了神经肽在癫痫治疗中的作用。
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