Abstract：
This Commentary delves into the current progress and challenges on ongoing research on medical countermeasures (MC) for chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear (CBRN) threats. CBRN agents pose a serious risk to human health and safety, with the potential for mass casualties in both military and civilian settings. Chemical threats are toxic compounds that could be used in a terrorist attack, an accidental release, or chemical warfare. They include nerve agents, organophosphates, pulmonary agents, metabolic/cellular agents, vesicants, ocular toxicants, and opioid agents. Developing effective MCs is crucial for mitigating the acute and chronic effects of exposure to CBRN agents. The papers in this special issue of JPET highlights the latest advancements in MC research, showcasing insightful outcomes on experimental models, mechanisms, and translational research on MCs for CBRN threats. They portrays several notable contributions, including the development of neurosteroid and combination anticonvulsant therapies for nerve agent poisoning, the exploration of chronic impacts and diagnostic tracers for OP neurotoxicity, the establishment of innovative pediatric OP models, the identification of novel molecules for ocular, pulmonary and vesicant injuries, and the repurposing of existing drugs for the treatment of botulism, cyanide, and OP poisoning. These crucial outcomes underscore the breadth of current research covering a variety of chemical threats. Overall, this collection of articles highlights the importance of ongoing research and development in the field of MCs, emphasizing the potential of these countermeasures to effectively treat and mitigate the effects of toxicant exposures and thereby enhance our preparedness for mass casualty incidents. Significance Statement CBRN agents pose a significant threat to public health. Effective MCs exist for certain chemical threats, but there is a need for new and improved MCs for many others. The research presented in this special issue of JPET highlights the latest advancements in MCs for CBRN threats. This research has the potential to lead to the development of new and repurposed MCs that are more effective, broad-spectrum, and easier to administer to mitigate acute and long-term consequences of chemical exposures.
摘要：
本评论深入探讨了当前在化学医学对策（MC）研究方面的进展和挑战，生物，放射学,核威胁（CBRN）CBRN制剂对人类健康和安全构成严重威胁，在军事和平民环境中都有可能造成大规模伤亡。化学威胁是可能用于恐怖袭击的有毒化合物，意外释放，或化学战。它们包括神经毒剂，有机磷酸酯,肺用药物，代谢/细胞制剂，起泡剂，眼部毒物,和阿片类药物。开发有效的MC对于减轻暴露于CBRN药物的急性和慢性影响至关重要。本期JPET特刊中的论文重点介绍了MC研究的最新进展，展示实验模型的有见地的结果，机制,以及针对CBRN威胁的MC转化研究。他们描绘了几个显著的贡献，包括神经类固醇和联合抗惊厥治疗神经毒剂中毒的发展，OP神经毒性的慢性影响和诊断示踪剂的探索，建立创新的儿科OP模型，用于眼部的新型分子的鉴定，肺和膀胱损伤，以及重新利用现有药物来治疗肉毒杆菌中毒，氰化物,OP中毒。这些关键成果强调了当前研究涵盖各种化学威胁的广度。总的来说,这一系列文章强调了MC领域正在进行的研究和开发的重要性，强调这些对策有可能有效治疗和减轻有毒物质暴露的影响，从而加强我们对大规模伤亡事件的准备。重要性声明CBRN制剂对公众健康构成重大威胁。针对某些化学威胁存在有效的MC，但是对于许多其他人来说，需要新的和改进的MC。JPET特刊中提出的研究强调了MCs在CBRN威胁方面的最新进展。这项研究有可能导致开发更有效的新的和重新利用的MC，广谱,更容易管理，以减轻化学品暴露的急性和长期后果。
