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Abstract：
Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a small non-enveloped virus that is transmitted via the fecal-oral route. It is a highly common cause of acute hepatitis, particularly in low to middle income regions of Asia, Africa, and Central America. Most cases are self-limited, and symptomatic patients usually present with acute icteric hepatitis. A subset of patients including pregnant women, older men, those with pre-existing liver disease and immunocompromised patients however, may develop severe disease and hepatic failure. Immunocompromised patients are also at risk for chronic infection, and their immunosuppression should be decreased in order to facilitate viral clearance. HEV can also present with a variety of extra-intestinal manifestations including neurological, renal, hematological, and pancreatic derangements. The gold standard of diagnosis is HEV ribonucleic acid detection via nucleic acid amplification testing. Currently, there are no approved treatments for Hepatitis E, though ribavirin is the most commonly used agent to reduce viral load. Studies assessing the safety and efficacy of other antiviral agents for HEV are currently underway. HEV vaccination has been approved in China, and is currently being investigated in other regions as well. This review article aims to discuss the epidemiology, pathogenesis, presentation, diagnosis, complications, and treatment of Hepatitis E infection.
摘要：
戊型肝炎病毒（HEV）是一种通过粪便-口腔途径传播的小型无包膜病毒。它是急性肝炎的一个非常常见的原因，特别是在亚洲的中低收入地区，非洲,和中美洲。大多数病例是自我限制的，有症状的患者通常表现为急性黄疸性肝炎。包括孕妇在内的一部分患者，年长的男人,那些预先存在的肝病和免疫功能低下的患者然而，可能发展为严重的疾病和肝功能衰竭。免疫功能低下的患者也有慢性感染的风险，和他们的免疫抑制应减少，以促进病毒清除。HEV还可以出现各种肠外表现，包括神经系统，肾,血液学,和胰腺紊乱。诊断的金标准是通过核酸扩增检测的HEV核糖核酸检测。目前,没有批准的戊型肝炎治疗方法，尽管利巴韦林是最常用的降低病毒载量的药物。目前正在进行评估其他抗病毒药物对HEV的安全性和有效性的研究。HEV疫苗接种已在中国获得批准，目前也在其他地区进行调查。这篇综述文章旨在讨论流行病学，发病机制，介绍,诊断,并发症,和治疗戊型肝炎感染。
