PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Due to a myriad of risk factors, epistaxis is a very frequent presentation to the emergency room (ER). This study aims to ascertain the prevalence of epistaxis in our population, risk factors, effectiveness of ER treatment, complications, and ER outcome.
UNASSIGNED: This was a prospective observational study performed in the ER of a referral tertiary care center in south India. Data were categorized, coded, and analyzed to determine the objective of the study.
UNASSIGNED: During the study\'s six-month duration, 188 (0.6%) patients presented with epistaxis. The mean age was 42.9 (SD: 16.49) years, with a male preponderance of 143 (76.1%). A majority of these patients (n: 156; 82.9%) were triaged as priority II, with hypertension (n: 53, 28.2%) as the commonest comorbidities. Trauma-related epistaxis (n: 107, 56.9%) was the most frequent cause. Anterior nasal packing was carried out for 85 (45.2%) patients, posterior nasal packing was carried out for one (0.5%) patient, and bleeding had spontaneously resolved in the majority (n: 102; 54.3%) patients. Seven (3.7%; p-value: 0.001) patients had recurrent epistaxis, and of those, three (1.6%) required urgent resuscitation with crystalloid fluid and blood products. Two of these patients had bleeding dyscrasias, four had history of trauma, and one patient presented with uncontrolled hypertension. Two (1.1%) patients came back to us with recurrent bleeding within 12 h of discharge. Majority (69.2%; 130) were discharged stable, (23.9%; 45) were admitted for observation and (6.9%; 13) were discharged against medical advice. There was no mortality among these study populations.
UNASSIGNED: Middle-young, aged males most commonly presented with epistaxis. Most of them were secondary to trauma. Anterior nasal bleeding was the most common source and hemostasis could be obtained by anterior nasal packing. Majority could be discharged stable from the ER. However, this cohort had seen patients in life-threatening conditions, so the severity cannot be overlooked.
UNASSIGNED: This was a prospective observational study performed in the ER of a referral tertiary care center in south India. Data were categorized, coded, and analyzed to determine the objective of the study.
UNASSIGNED: During the study\'s six-month duration, 188 (0.6%) patients presented with epistaxis. The mean age was 42.9 (SD: 16.49) years, with a male preponderance of 143 (76.1%). A majority of these patients (n: 156; 82.9%) were triaged as priority II, with hypertension (n: 53, 28.2%) as the commonest comorbidities. Trauma-related epistaxis (n: 107, 56.9%) was the most frequent cause. Anterior nasal packing was carried out for 85 (45.2%) patients, posterior nasal packing was carried out for one (0.5%) patient, and bleeding had spontaneously resolved in the majority (n: 102; 54.3%) patients. Seven (3.7%; p-value: 0.001) patients had recurrent epistaxis, and of those, three (1.6%) required urgent resuscitation with crystalloid fluid and blood products. Two of these patients had bleeding dyscrasias, four had history of trauma, and one patient presented with uncontrolled hypertension. Two (1.1%) patients came back to us with recurrent bleeding within 12 h of discharge. Majority (69.2%; 130) were discharged stable, (23.9%; 45) were admitted for observation and (6.9%; 13) were discharged against medical advice. There was no mortality among these study populations.
UNASSIGNED: Middle-young, aged males most commonly presented with epistaxis. Most of them were secondary to trauma. Anterior nasal bleeding was the most common source and hemostasis could be obtained by anterior nasal packing. Majority could be discharged stable from the ER. However, this cohort had seen patients in life-threatening conditions, so the severity cannot be overlooked.
摘要：
■由于无数的危险因素，鼻出血是一个非常频繁的介绍到急诊室（ER）。这项研究旨在确定我们人群中鼻出血的患病率，危险因素，ER治疗的有效性，并发症,和ER结果。
■这是一项在印度南部转诊三级护理中心的急诊室进行的前瞻性观察性研究。数据被分类，编码,并进行分析以确定研究的目标。
■在研究的六个月期间，188例（0.6%）患者出现鼻出血。平均年龄为42.9（SD：16.49）岁，男性优势为143（76.1％）。这些患者中的大多数（n：156;82.9％）被分类为II级，高血压（n：53，28.2％）是最常见的合并症。创伤相关鼻出血（n：107，56.9％）是最常见的原因。对85例(45.2%)患者进行了前鼻腔填塞,对1例(0.5%)患者进行后鼻填塞,大多数（n：102;54.3％）患者的出血自发消退。7例(3.7%;p值:0.001)患者有复发性鼻出血,其中，三人(1.6%)需要紧急复苏晶体液和血液制品。这些病人中有两个有出血恶习,四个人有外伤史,和一名患者出现不受控制的高血压。两名（1.1％）患者在出院后12小时内复发出血。大多数（69.2％；130）已稳定出院，（23.9％；45）入院观察，（6.9％；13）在医疗建议下出院。这些研究人群中没有死亡率。
■中青年，老年男性最常见于鼻出血。其中大多数是继发于创伤。前鼻出血是最常见的来源，可以通过前鼻塞止血。大多数人可以从急诊室稳定出院。然而,该队列曾看到患者处于危及生命的状况，所以严重程度不容忽视。
■这是一项在印度南部转诊三级护理中心的急诊室进行的前瞻性观察性研究。数据被分类，编码,并进行分析以确定研究的目标。
■在研究的六个月期间，188例（0.6%）患者出现鼻出血。平均年龄为42.9（SD：16.49）岁，男性优势为143（76.1％）。这些患者中的大多数（n：156;82.9％）被分类为II级，高血压（n：53，28.2％）是最常见的合并症。创伤相关鼻出血（n：107，56.9％）是最常见的原因。对85例(45.2%)患者进行了前鼻腔填塞,对1例(0.5%)患者进行后鼻填塞,大多数（n：102;54.3％）患者的出血自发消退。7例(3.7%;p值:0.001)患者有复发性鼻出血,其中，三人(1.6%)需要紧急复苏晶体液和血液制品。这些病人中有两个有出血恶习,四个人有外伤史,和一名患者出现不受控制的高血压。两名（1.1％）患者在出院后12小时内复发出血。大多数（69.2％；130）已稳定出院，（23.9％；45）入院观察，（6.9％；13）在医疗建议下出院。这些研究人群中没有死亡率。
■中青年，老年男性最常见于鼻出血。其中大多数是继发于创伤。前鼻出血是最常见的来源，可以通过前鼻塞止血。大多数人可以从急诊室稳定出院。然而,该队列曾看到患者处于危及生命的状况，所以严重程度不容忽视。
