PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been widely used to understand the neurodevelopmental changes that occur in cognition and behavior across childhood. The blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal obtained from fMRI is understood to be comprised of both neuronal and vascular information. However, it is unclear whether the vascular response is altered across age in studies investigating development in children. Since the breath-hold (BH) task is commonly used to understand cerebrovascular reactivity (CVR) in fMRI studies, it can be used to account for developmental differences in vascular response. This study examines how the cerebrovascular response changes over age in a longitudinal children\'s BH data set from the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI) Rockland Sample (aged 6-18 years old at enrollment). A general linear model approach was applied to derive CVR from BH data. To model both the longitudinal and cross-sectional effects of age on BH response, we used mixed-effects modeling with the following terms: linear, quadratic, logarithmic, and quadratic-logarithmic, to find the best-fitting model. We observed increased BH BOLD signals in multiple networks across age, in which linear and logarithmic mixed-effects models provided the best fit with the lowest Akaike information criterion scores. This shows that the cerebrovascular response increases across development in a brain network-specific manner. Therefore, fMRI studies investigating the developmental period should account for cerebrovascular changes that occur with age.
摘要：
功能磁共振成像（fMRI）已被广泛用于了解整个儿童期认知和行为中发生的神经发育变化。从fMRI获得的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号被理解为由神经元和血管信息组成。然而,在调查儿童发育的研究中,尚不清楚血管反应是否随年龄而改变.由于屏气（BH）任务通常用于了解功能磁共振成像研究中的脑血管反应性（CVR），它可以用来解释血管反应的发育差异。这项研究调查了来自NathanKline研究所（NKI）Rockland样本（招募时年龄在6-18岁）的纵向儿童BH数据集的脑血管反应随年龄的变化。应用一般线性模型方法从BH数据导出CVR。为了模拟年龄对BH反应的纵向和横截面影响，我们使用以下术语的混合效果建模：线性，二次，对数,和二次对数，找到最适合的模型。我们观察到不同年龄的多个网络中BHBOLD信号增加，其中线性和对数混合效应模型提供了与最低Akaike信息标准分数的最佳拟合。这表明脑血管反应以大脑网络特异性方式在整个发育过程中增加。因此,研究发育期的fMRI研究应考虑随年龄增长而发生的脑血管变化。
