Abstract：
Offshore wind development is in its nascent stages in the United States. Recent research indicates that the visual impacts of offshore wind farms are viewed negatively by the general population. This North Carolina application is the first US-focused discrete choice experiment that explicitly asks respondents to consider the positive local and global benefits from offshore wind development, such as job creation and greenhouse gas emission reductions, simultaneously with their visual impacts. We find significant willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing the visual impacts of offshore wind farms, and that the extent of disamenity varies in the population and with placement along developed tourist towns (as much as $783/year for three years) or preserved coastlines (as much as $451/year for three years). We also find that some preference classes value projects that create permanent jobs and reduce carbon emissions. We use our estimates of preferences for the positive and negative attributes to explore specific wind farm configurations and locations that could achieve positive consensus in a heterogenous population.
摘要：
在美国，海上风电开发正处于起步阶段。最近的研究表明，一般人群对海上风电场的视觉影响是负面的。这个北卡罗莱纳州的应用程序是第一个以美国为重点的离散选择实验，它明确要求受访者考虑海上风电开发带来的积极的本地和全球利益。例如创造就业机会和减少温室气体排放，同时他们的视觉影响。我们发现，为了减少海上风电场的视觉影响，我们有很大的支付意愿(WTP)，以及不和谐的程度因人口和发达旅游城镇(三年高达783美元/年)或保存下来的海岸线(三年高达451美元/年)而异。我们还发现，一些偏好类别重视创造永久性就业机会和减少碳排放的项目。我们使用对正面和负面属性的偏好估计来探索可以在异质人群中达成积极共识的特定风电场配置和位置。
