Abstract：
Carp is a key aquaculture species worldwide. The intensification of carp farming, aimed at meeting the high demand for protein sources for human consumption, has resulted in adverse effects such as poor water quality, increased stress, and disease outbreaks. While antibiotics have been utilized to mitigate these issues, their use poses risks to both public health and the environment. As a result, alternative and more sustainable practices have been adopted to manage the health of farmed carp, including the use of probiotics, prebiotics, phytobiotics, and vaccines to prevent disease outbreaks. Phytobiotics, being both cost-effective and abundant, have gained widespread acceptance. They offer various benefits in carp farming, such as improved growth performance, enhanced immune system, increased antioxidant capacity, stress alleviation from abiotic factors, and enhanced disease resistance. Currently, a focal point of research involves employing molecular approaches to assess the impacts of phytobiotics in aquatic animals. Gene expression, the process by which genetic information encoded is translated into function, along with transcription profiling, serves as a crucial tool for detecting changes in gene expression within cells. These changes provide valuable insights into the growth rate, immune system, and flesh quality of aquatic animals. This review delves into the positive impacts of phytobiotics on immune responses, growth, antioxidant capabilities, and flesh quality, all discerned through gene expression changes in carp species. Furthermore, this paper explores existing research gaps and outlines future prospects for the utilization of phytobiotics in aquaculture.
摘要：
鲤鱼是全球重要的水产养殖物种。鲤鱼养殖的集约化，旨在满足人类消费对蛋白质来源的高需求，造成了不利影响，如水质差，增加压力，和疾病爆发。虽然抗生素已经被用来缓解这些问题，它们的使用对公共健康和环境都构成了风险。因此,采用了替代和更可持续的做法来管理养殖鲤鱼的健康，包括使用益生菌，益生元,植物生物,以及预防疾病爆发的疫苗。植物性生物,既划算又丰富，得到了广泛的接受。它们在鲤鱼养殖中提供各种好处，例如增长业绩的提高，增强免疫系统，增加抗氧化能力，从非生物因素中缓解胁迫，增强抗病性。目前,研究的重点是采用分子方法来评估植物生物对水生动物的影响。基因表达，编码的遗传信息转化为功能的过程，连同转录分析，作为检测细胞内基因表达变化的重要工具。这些变化提供了对增长率的宝贵见解，免疫系统,和水生动物的肉质量。这篇综述探讨了植物抗生素对免疫反应的积极影响。增长,抗氧化能力，和肉的质量，所有这些都是通过鲤鱼物种的基因表达变化来辨别的。此外，本文探讨了现有的研究空白，并展望了未来植物生物在水产养殖中的利用前景。
