PDF(Pubmed)
Abstract：
BACKGROUND: The study aims to update the specific classification of mechanisms of death in swimming and to demonstrate these categories are reasonable, by analyzing more characteristics of death cases, evaluating the available evidence and determining their quality.
METHODS: Original articles were queried from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase databases, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Included studies, which were evaluated as level 4 evidence or higher according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, discussed hypothesized mechanisms of death in swimming. Parameters analyzed in this study included decedents\' characteristics, outcome measures, findings, methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS), and critical evaluation of each study classified by death mechanism.
RESULTS: A total of twenty-five studies were included for further analysis: fourteen were associated with cardiovascular diseases, two were about cerebrovascular diseases, two contained respiratory diseases, seven were about hazardous conditions and three contained other drownings, which provided evidence for mechanisms of death.
CONCLUSIONS: It is found that cardiovascular disease is the main cause or contributing factor of death in swimming. Respiratory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases are difficult to be definitive mechanism categories due to insufficient evidence. Hazardous conditions appear to be one of the possible risk factors because there are more cases of deaths from unsafe environments in swimming, but further statistics and research are still needed to support this view. Our study may have important implications for developing potential prevention strategies for sports and exercise medicine.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO ID (CRD42021267330). Registered Aug 13th 2021.
METHODS: Original articles were queried from PubMed, Web of Science, Embase databases, Cochrane Library, and Scopus. Included studies, which were evaluated as level 4 evidence or higher according to the Oxford Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, discussed hypothesized mechanisms of death in swimming. Parameters analyzed in this study included decedents\' characteristics, outcome measures, findings, methodological index for non-randomized studies (MINORS), and critical evaluation of each study classified by death mechanism.
RESULTS: A total of twenty-five studies were included for further analysis: fourteen were associated with cardiovascular diseases, two were about cerebrovascular diseases, two contained respiratory diseases, seven were about hazardous conditions and three contained other drownings, which provided evidence for mechanisms of death.
CONCLUSIONS: It is found that cardiovascular disease is the main cause or contributing factor of death in swimming. Respiratory diseases and cerebrovascular diseases are difficult to be definitive mechanism categories due to insufficient evidence. Hazardous conditions appear to be one of the possible risk factors because there are more cases of deaths from unsafe environments in swimming, but further statistics and research are still needed to support this view. Our study may have important implications for developing potential prevention strategies for sports and exercise medicine.
BACKGROUND: PROSPERO ID (CRD42021267330). Registered Aug 13th 2021.
摘要：
背景：该研究旨在更新游泳死亡机制的具体分类，并证明这些分类是合理的，通过分析死亡病例的更多特征，评估现有证据并确定其质量。
方法：原始文章从PubMed查询，WebofScience,Embase数据库,科克伦图书馆,还有Scopus.包括研究，根据牛津循证医学中心评估为4级或更高的证据，讨论了游泳死亡的假设机制。本研究中分析的参数包括死者的特征，结果衡量标准，调查结果,非随机研究方法学指数(MINORS)，并对按死亡机制分类的每项研究进行严格评估。
结果：共纳入25项研究进行进一步分析：14项与心血管疾病相关，两个是关于脑血管疾病，两个包含呼吸道疾病，七个是关于危险的情况，三个是其他溺水，为死亡机制提供了证据。
结论：发现心血管疾病是游泳死亡的主要原因或促成因素。由于证据不足，呼吸系统疾病和脑血管疾病难以成为确定的机制类别。危险条件似乎是可能的危险因素之一，因为在游泳的不安全环境中死亡的案例更多，但仍需要进一步的统计和研究来支持这一观点。我们的研究可能对制定运动和运动医学的潜在预防策略具有重要意义。
背景：PROSPEROID（CRD42021267330）。2021年8月13日注册。
方法：原始文章从PubMed查询，WebofScience,Embase数据库,科克伦图书馆,还有Scopus.包括研究，根据牛津循证医学中心评估为4级或更高的证据，讨论了游泳死亡的假设机制。本研究中分析的参数包括死者的特征，结果衡量标准，调查结果,非随机研究方法学指数(MINORS)，并对按死亡机制分类的每项研究进行严格评估。
结果：共纳入25项研究进行进一步分析：14项与心血管疾病相关，两个是关于脑血管疾病，两个包含呼吸道疾病，七个是关于危险的情况，三个是其他溺水，为死亡机制提供了证据。
结论：发现心血管疾病是游泳死亡的主要原因或促成因素。由于证据不足，呼吸系统疾病和脑血管疾病难以成为确定的机制类别。危险条件似乎是可能的危险因素之一，因为在游泳的不安全环境中死亡的案例更多，但仍需要进一步的统计和研究来支持这一观点。我们的研究可能对制定运动和运动医学的潜在预防策略具有重要意义。
背景：PROSPEROID（CRD42021267330）。2021年8月13日注册。
