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Abstract：
Eucalyptus pellita has the characteristics of rapid growth and high resistance. However, there is little research on molecular breeding of E. pellita, which is essential to shortening breeding life and selecting quality varieties. Therefore, a crucial step before selective breeding can be carried out to increase the wood quality of E. pellita is identifying genetic diversity and population structure using single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) markers. In this study, the genetic diversity of 1st generation 196 E. pellita families from 23 geographically defined was assessed using 1,677,732 SNP markers identified by whole genome resequencing. SNP annotation showed that the ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous coding mutations was 0.83. Principal component analysis (PCA), phylogenetic tree, and population structure analysis permitted the families to be categorized into three groups, one of which (G2) contains most of the Indonesian (IDN) and Papua New Guinea (PNG) families. Genetic relationship analysis showed that IDN was closely related to PNG. Genetic diversity analysis showed that He, PIC, I, and H mean values were 0.2502, 0.2027, 0.3815, and 0.2680, respectively. PCA analysis classified various provenances in QLD into two categories (G1 and G3). The genetic diversity of G3 was higher than that of G2. The results of genetic differentiation (Fst) showed that PNG region was divided into two groups (PNG1 and PNG2), the Fst (0.172) between QLD and PNG2 region was higher than QLD and PNG1, and the Fst (0.024) between IDN and PNG1 is smaller than IDN and PNG2. A Mantel test revealed a positive correlation between the genetic and geographic distance of E. pellita. This study has a certain reference value for genetic identification, germplasm preservation, and breeding of E. pellita. Also, it provides a basis for subsequent association analysis to explore excellent alleles and introduction.
摘要：
桉树具有生长快、抗性高的特点。然而,关于E.pellita分子育种的研究很少，这对于缩短育种寿命和选择优质品种至关重要。因此,在进行选择性育种以提高E.pellita木材质量之前的关键步骤是使用单核苷酸多态性（SNP）标记来鉴定遗传多样性和种群结构。在这项研究中,使用通过全基因组重测序鉴定的1,677,732个SNP标记评估了来自23个地理定义的第一代196个E.pellita家族的遗传多样性。SNP注释显示非同义与同义编码突变的比率为0.83。主成分分析(PCA)，系统发育树，人口结构分析允许将家庭分为三类，其中一个（G2）包含大多数印度尼西亚（IDN）和巴布亚新几内亚（PNG）家庭。亲缘关系分析表明IDN与PNG密切相关。遗传多样性分析表明,PIC,I,和H的平均值分别为0.2502、0.2027、0.3815和0.2680。PCA分析将QLD中的各种来源分为两类（G1和G3）。G3的遗传多样性高于G2。遗传分化（Fst）结果表明，PNG区分为两组（PNG1和PNG2），QLD和PNG2区域之间的Fst（0.172）高于QLD和PNG1，IDN和PNG1之间的Fst（0.024）小于IDN和PNG2。Mantel检验显示E.pellita的遗传距离和地理距离之间呈正相关。本研究对遗传鉴定具有一定的参考价值,种质保存,和E.pellita的繁殖。此外，为后续的关联分析提供了基础,以探索优秀等位基因和导入。
