Abstract：
UNASSIGNED: Vector-borne diseases like West Nile virus (WNV) pose a global health challenge, with rising incidence and distribution. Culex mosquitoes are crucial WNV vectors. Avian species composition and bird community diversity, along with vector communities, influence WNV transmission patterns. However, limited knowledge exists on their impact in southwestern Spain, an area with active WNV circulation in wild birds, mosquitoes, and humans.
UNASSIGNED: To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study investigating the contributions of migratory and exotic bird species to WNV transmission and the influence of mosquito community composition.
UNASSIGNED: Analysing 1194 serum samples from 44 avian species, we detected WNV antibodies in 32 samples from 11 species, four for the first time in Europe. Migratory birds had higher WNV exposure likelihood than native and exotic species, and higher phylogenetic diversity in bird communities correlated with lower exposure rates. Moreover, in 5859 female mosquitoes belonging to 12 species, we identified WNV competent vectors like Cx. pipiens s.l. and the Univittatus subgroup. Birds with WNV antibodies were positively associated with competent vector abundance, but negatively with overall mosquito species richness.
UNASSIGNED: These findings highlight the complex interactions between bird species, their phylogenetics, and mosquito vectors in WNV transmission. Understanding these dynamics will help to implement effective disease control strategies in southwestern Spain.
UNASSIGNED: To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study investigating the contributions of migratory and exotic bird species to WNV transmission and the influence of mosquito community composition.
UNASSIGNED: Analysing 1194 serum samples from 44 avian species, we detected WNV antibodies in 32 samples from 11 species, four for the first time in Europe. Migratory birds had higher WNV exposure likelihood than native and exotic species, and higher phylogenetic diversity in bird communities correlated with lower exposure rates. Moreover, in 5859 female mosquitoes belonging to 12 species, we identified WNV competent vectors like Cx. pipiens s.l. and the Univittatus subgroup. Birds with WNV antibodies were positively associated with competent vector abundance, but negatively with overall mosquito species richness.
UNASSIGNED: These findings highlight the complex interactions between bird species, their phylogenetics, and mosquito vectors in WNV transmission. Understanding these dynamics will help to implement effective disease control strategies in southwestern Spain.
摘要：
■西尼罗河病毒（WNV）等媒介传播疾病构成了全球健康挑战，发病率和分布上升。库蚊是关键的WNV载体。鸟类物种组成和鸟类群落多样性，以及矢量群落，影响WNV传输模式。然而,关于它们在西班牙西南部的影响的知识有限，野生鸟类中WNV环流活跃的区域，蚊子,和人类。
■为了解决这个问题，我们进行了一项全面的研究，调查了迁徙和外来鸟类对WNV传播的贡献以及蚊子群落组成的影响。
■分析来自44种鸟类的1194份血清样本，我们在11个物种的32个样本中检测到WNV抗体，第一次在欧洲。候鸟的WNV暴露可能性高于本地和外来物种，鸟类群落中较高的系统发育多样性与较低的暴露率相关。此外，在属于12种的5859只雌性蚊子中，我们确定了WNV有能力的载体，如Cx。pipienss.l.和Univittatus亚组。具有WNV抗体的鸟类与合格的载体丰度呈正相关，但与整体蚊子物种丰富度呈负相关。
■这些发现突出了鸟类之间复杂的相互作用，他们的系统发育学，和WNV传播中的蚊子。了解这些动态将有助于在西班牙西南部实施有效的疾病控制策略。
■为了解决这个问题，我们进行了一项全面的研究，调查了迁徙和外来鸟类对WNV传播的贡献以及蚊子群落组成的影响。
■分析来自44种鸟类的1194份血清样本，我们在11个物种的32个样本中检测到WNV抗体，第一次在欧洲。候鸟的WNV暴露可能性高于本地和外来物种，鸟类群落中较高的系统发育多样性与较低的暴露率相关。此外，在属于12种的5859只雌性蚊子中，我们确定了WNV有能力的载体，如Cx。pipienss.l.和Univittatus亚组。具有WNV抗体的鸟类与合格的载体丰度呈正相关，但与整体蚊子物种丰富度呈负相关。
■这些发现突出了鸟类之间复杂的相互作用，他们的系统发育学，和WNV传播中的蚊子。了解这些动态将有助于在西班牙西南部实施有效的疾病控制策略。
