Abstract：
Soil is the source and sink of microplastics (MPs), which is more polluted than water and air. In this paper, the pollution levels of MPs in the agriculture, roadside, urban and landfill soils were reviewed, and the influence of MPs on soil ecosystem, including soil properties, microorganisms, animals and plants, was discussed. According to the results of in vivo and in vitro experiments, the possible risks of MPs to soil ecosystem and human health were predicted. Finally, in light of the current status of MPs research, several prospects are provided for future research directions to better evaluate the ecological risk and human health risk of MPs. MPs concentrations in global agricultural soils, roadside soils, urban soils and landfill soils had a great variance in different studies and locations. The participation of MPs has an impact on all aspects of terrestrial ecosystems. For soil properties, pH value, bulk density, pore space and evapotranspiration can be changed by MPs. For microorganisms, MPs can alter the diversity and abundance of microbiome, and different MPs have different effects on bacteria and fungi differently. For plants, MPs may interfere with their biochemical and physiological conditions and produce a wide range of toxic effects, such as inhibiting plant growth, delaying or reducing seed germination, reducing biological and fruit yield, and interfering with photosynthesis. For soil animals, MPs can affect their mobility, growth rate and reproductive capacity. At present epidemiological evidences regarding MPs exposure and negative human health effects are unavailable, but in vitro and in vivo data suggest that they pose various threats to human health, including respiratory system, digestive system, urinary system, endocrine system, nervous system, and circulation system. In conclusion, the existence and danger of MPs cannot be ignored and requires a global effort.
摘要：
土壤是微塑料（MPs）的源头和汇，它比水和空气更污染。在本文中,国会议员在农业中的污染水平，路边,回顾了城市土壤和垃圾填埋场土壤，以及MPs对土壤生态系统的影响，包括土壤性质，微生物,动物和植物,进行了讨论。根据体内和体外实验的结果，预测了MP对土壤生态系统和人类健康的可能风险。最后,鉴于国会议员研究的现状，为更好地评价MPs的生态风险和人类健康风险提供了一些展望。全球农业土壤中的MP浓度，路边土壤，城市土壤和垃圾填埋场土壤在不同的研究和地点有很大的差异。国会议员的参与对陆地生态系统的各个方面都有影响。对于土壤性质，pH值,堆积密度,MP可以改变孔隙空间和蒸散量。对于微生物来说,MPs可以改变微生物组的多样性和丰度，不同的MPs对细菌和真菌的作用不同。对于植物来说,MPs可能会干扰其生化和生理条件，并产生广泛的毒性作用，比如抑制植物生长，延缓或减少种子发芽，降低生物和水果产量，干扰光合作用.对于土壤动物，议员会影响他们的行动能力，生长率和生殖能力。目前尚无关于国会议员暴露和对人类健康的负面影响的流行病学证据，但是体外和体内数据表明，它们对人类健康构成各种威胁，包括呼吸系统,消化系统,泌尿系统,内分泌系统,神经系统,和循环系统。总之,国会议员的存在和危险不容忽视，需要全球努力。
