Abstract：
Advances and the discovery of new biomaterials have opened new frontiers in regenerative medicine. These biomaterials play a key role in current medicine by improving the life quality or even saving the lives of millions of people. Since the 2000s, Natural Rubber Latex (NRL) has been employed as wound dressings, mechanical barrier for Guided Bone Regeneration (GBR), matrix for drug delivery, and grafting. NRL is a natural polymer that can stimulate cell proliferation, neoangiogenesis, and extracellular matrix (ECM) formation. Furthermore, it is well established that proteins and other biologically active molecules present in the Natural Latex Serum (NLS) are responsible for the biological properties of NRL. NLS can be obtained from NRL by three main methods, namely (i) Centrifugation (fractionation of NRL in distinct fractions), (ii) Coagulation and sedimentation (coagulating NRL to separate the NLS from rubber particles), and (iii) Alternative extraction process (elution from NRL membrane). In this review, the chemical composition, physicochemical properties, toxicity, and other biological information such as osteogenesis, vasculogenesis, adhesion, proliferation, antimicrobial behavior, and antitumoral activity of NLS, as well as some of its medical instruments and devices are discussed. The progress in NLS applications in the biomedical field, more specifically in cell cultures, alternative animals, regular animals, and clinical trials are also discussed. An overview of the challenges and future directions of the applications of NLS and its derivatives in tissue engineering for hard and soft tissue regeneration is also given.
摘要：
新生物材料的发现和进展开辟了再生医学的新领域。这些生物材料通过改善生活质量甚至挽救数百万人的生命，在当前医学中发挥着关键作用。自2000年以来，天然橡胶胶乳（NRL）已被用作伤口敷料，引导骨再生（GBR）的机械屏障，用于药物输送的基质，和嫁接。NRL是一种能刺激细胞增殖的天然聚合物,新血管生成,和细胞外基质(ECM)形成。此外，众所周知,天然胶乳血清(NLS)中存在的蛋白质和其他生物活性分子负责NRL的生物学特性。NLS可以通过三种主要方法从NRL获得，即(I)离心(NRL在不同馏分中的分馏)，(ii)凝结和沉淀(凝结NRL以将NLS与橡胶颗粒分离)，和(iii)替代提取方法(从NRL膜洗脱)。在这次审查中,化学成分,物理化学性质，毒性,和其他生物信息，如成骨，血管生成,附着力,扩散,抗菌行为，和NLS的抗肿瘤活性，以及它的一些医疗仪器和设备进行了讨论。NLS在生物医学领域的应用进展,更具体地说，在细胞培养中，替代动物,普通动物,和临床试验也进行了讨论。还概述了NLS及其衍生物在组织工程中用于硬组织和软组织再生的应用面临的挑战和未来方向。
