Abstract：
Measurement feedback systems (MFS) can help guide treatment and improve clinical outcomes. Studies of MFS are heterogeneous both in execution and results, and the effects of MFS seem restricted by limited attention to process and implementation elements and by limited adoption by health professionals. The current systematic review mapped the use of process and implementation elements in MFS studies. An overview of therapists\' use of and attitudes toward MFS is provided. Three-level meta-analyses were used to test theoretically informed process and implementation elements as moderators of the effects of MFS. Hypotheses and general propositions from Clinical Performance Feedback Intervention Theory (CP-FIT) were used to organize the elements of the studies and were used as moderator variables. Previous studies on MFS interventions have had a limited focus on implementation efforts and process elements that may increase the effects of MFS and their use among therapists. Efforts have sparsely been made to reduce barriers to MFS use, and several studies have reported limited engagement with MFS among therapists. Therapists\' attitudes toward MFS, feedback, or standardized measures were heterogeneously reported, making data synthesis challenging. Identified process and implementation elements were not significantly associated with effect sizes in the studies and the results did not support the propositions of CP-FIT. The lack of statistically significant associations may be due to limited reporting of details about process and implementation aspects. More research designed to test hypotheses regarding process and implementation elements is needed to improve the use and effects of MFS. Future studies should aspire to report findings in a manner that allows for an understanding of the implementation process and therapists\' adoption of these systems.
摘要：
测量反馈系统（MFS）可以帮助指导治疗和改善临床结果。MFS的研究在执行和结果上都是异构的，MFS的影响似乎受到对流程和实施要素的有限关注以及卫生专业人员的有限采用的限制。当前的系统综述描绘了MFS研究中过程和实施元素的使用。提供了治疗师对MFS的使用和态度的概述。三级荟萃分析用于测试理论上知情的过程和实施要素，作为MFS效果的调节因素。临床性能反馈干预理论（CP-FIT）的假设和一般命题用于组织研究要素，并用作调节变量。以前关于MFS干预的研究对实施工作和过程要素的关注有限，这些因素可能会增加MFS的效果及其在治疗师中的使用。很少做出努力来减少MFS使用的障碍，一些研究报告说，治疗师对MFS的参与有限。治疗师对MFS的态度，反馈,或标准化措施被异质报道，使数据合成具有挑战性。在研究中，确定的过程和实施要素与效应大小没有显着相关，结果不支持CP-FIT的命题。缺乏统计上显著的关联可能是由于关于过程和实施方面的细节报告有限。需要进行更多的研究来测试有关过程和实施元素的假设，以改善MFS的使用和效果。未来的研究应该渴望以一种能够理解实施过程和治疗师采用这些系统的方式报告发现。
